The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
Various topics related to sustainability in plastics, including bio-related, environmental issues, green, recycling, renewal, re-use and sustainability.
In this work the devulcanization of tire rubber crumb
was studied by using an industrial scale twin screw
extruder. A reasonably high throughput extrusion process
has been developed and the effect of processing
conditions has been studied. The effects of different screw
configurations screw speed and feed rate on the stability
of process have been investigated. Crosslink density and
percent of devulcanization of different samples are
measured. Curing behavior tensile strength and
elongation at break of different compounds consisting of
blends of virgin rubber with devulcanized crumb have also
been evaluated.
Recent earth environmental concern requires easy
recycle material system and the use of biodegradable
polymer and natural fiber is noticed in composite materials.
To apply the natural fiber for the structural parts the use as
reinforcement of Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) is
desirable because it is expected that SMC can be used in
various fields in terms of high productivity and
dimensional stability. Considering that fiber reinforced
composite is used for structural part the use of long-span
must be possible. Therefore the evaluation of the
durability such as degradation is very important subject.
In this study SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) that
reinforcement was jute cloth were prepared. The jute cloth
reinforced SMC was immersed in hot water to promote the
degradation. And after immersion an increase ratio of
water and bending properties were compared with that of
jute cloth reinforced SMC without immersion. As a result
the fracture mechanism changed from the combination
of crack propagation in matrix area and delamination
in the interface around the fiber bundle to only crack
propagation in matrix area by water immersion.
Recent earth environmental concern requires easy recycle material system, and the use of biodegradable polymer and natural fiber is noticed in composite materials. To apply the natural fiber for the structural parts, the use as reinforcement of Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) is desirable because it is expected that SMC can be used in various fields in terms of high productivity and dimensional stability. Considering that fiber reinforced composite is used for structural part, the use of long-span must be possible. Therefore, the evaluation of the durability such as degradation is very important subject. In this study, SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) that reinforcement was jute cloth were prepared. The jute cloth reinforced SMC was immersed in hot water to promote the degradation. And after immersion, an increase ratio of water and bending properties were compared with that of jute cloth reinforced SMC without immersion. As a result,the fracture mechanism changed from the combination of crack propagation in matrix area and delamination in the interface around the fiber bundle to only crack propagation in matrix area by water immersion.
Bioplastics were produced by the copolymerization of 1,3-propanediol (PDO) with malonic acid (MA) and with itaconic acid (IA). Effects of reaction temperature and time were examined on the yields and molecular weight (MW) distributions. The resultant bioplastics were characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR and were found to contain anhydride, ester, and ether backbone functional groups. Hydrolytic degradation of the PDO-MA copolymer was also studied as a function of time, temperature, and pH.
The goal of innovation should be to create sustainablecompetitive advantage'not just create inventions withlittle or no market value. In order to compete, the productof service being offered must provide value to theconsumer, be differentiated from competitors' offerings,and be protected from imitation. Frequently employeesand managers involved with product development are notaware of the broader picture and the essential elementsnecessary to create innovative products.
Yunior Hioe , Siva Movva , Dante Guerra , Zhi-Qi Cai , L. James. Lee , Jose M. Castro, May 2010
One of the most attractive environmentally friendly energy generation methods is wind power. In order for this technology to compete favorably with the cost of traditional energy generation methods, the wingspan needs to be greatly increased from current dimensions. For this to occur, we need to take advantage of new material developments such as nano-composites.In order to manufacture such large parts, we need to understand factors affecting flow. In the case of flow through porous media, the material properties are permeability and viscosity. In this work we present preliminary results on the effect of carbon nano fibers on permeability.
Siva Movva , Zhi-Qi Cai , Dante Guerra , Yunior Hioe , Jose M Castro , L. James Lee, May 2010
Wind energy is one of the most promising environmentally friendly renewable sources of energy. Epoxy has been the preferred resin used to manufacture wind blades; however with the increased need to lower costs, vinyl ester resin is gaining importance as a alternative material. The curing of vinyl ester resin in the presence of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the carbon nanofibers have a catalytic effect on the curing kinetics of vinyl ester. However there is a percolation threshold and increasing the amount of CNFs beyond this threshold hinders the reaction. A simple autocatalytic model is used to predict the conversion of the vinyl ester resin.
Supaphorn Thumsorn , Yew Wei Leong , Hiroyuki Hamada, May 2010
Recycled polyethylene terephthalate (RPET),recycled polypropylene (RPP) and CaCO3 were blendedand compatibilized with SEBS copolymer. The effects of compatibilization on morphological, thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. The results indicated that the dispersed phase in compatibilized blends is significantly smaller in size as compared to uncompatibilized blends. The crystallization temperature and crystallinity of the blends were affected by the incorporation of compatibilizers while tensile and impactproperties depended on the content of CaCO3 and compatibilizer.
Supaphorn Thumsorn , Yew Wei Leong , Hiroyuki Hamada, May 2010
Recycled polyethylene terephthalate (RPET)
recycled polypropylene (RPP) and CaCO3 were blended
and compatibilized with SEBS copolymer. The effects of
compatibilization on morphological thermal and
mechanical properties were investigated. The results
indicated that the dispersed phase in compatibilized blends
is significantly smaller in size as compared to
uncompatibilized blends. The crystallization temperature
and crystallinity of the blends were affected by the
incorporation of compatibilizers while tensile and impact
properties depended on the content of CaCO3 and
compatibilizer.
Anson Wong , Siu N. Leung , Mohammad M. Hasan , Chul B. Park, May 2010
Due to environmental concerns research has been carried out to investigate the feasibility of using inert gases as blowing agents in plastic foaming processes.However the foamability of polypropylene copolymer blown with argon nitrogen and helium has not been reported previously. This paper investigates the nucleating powers of these gases to foam polypropylene copolymer by studying the polymeric foaming processes in situ.
Michael J. Forbes , James T. Goetz , Brian A. Young, May 2010
Due to the recent demand for environmentally friendly polymers and the duty to take advantage of renewable natural resources when possible, biopolymers have become an important alternative to synthetic polymers. Starch when using glycerol as a plasticizer has proven to be a processable ƒ??greenƒ? polymer additive when compounded with maleated polypropylene. In this study, material was characterized based on its ability to perform over five months of exposure to natural conditions. The effects on modulus and elongation with the addition of plasticized starch, in a polypropylene matrix, were evaluated and are presented.
Michael J. Forbes , James T. Goetz , Brian A. Young, May 2010
Due to the recent demand for environmentally friendly
polymers and the duty to take advantage of renewable
natural resources when possible biopolymers have become
an important alternative to synthetic polymers. Starch
when using glycerol as a plasticizer has proven to be a
processable “green” polymer additive when compounded
with maleated polypropylene. In this study material was
characterized based on its ability to perform over five
months of exposure to natural conditions. The effects on
modulus and elongation with the addition of plasticized
starch in a polypropylene matrix were evaluated and are
presented.
Bernard Chukwuemeka Ogazi-Onyemaechi , Masanori Okano , Yew Wei Leong , Hiroyuki Hamada, May 2010
The effect of notches was investigated by introducing single-edge hairline cracks and V-shaped notches of different depths on dumbbell samples to ascertain the fracture behavior at the skin and core parts of virgin and recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate), (V-PET/R-PET), injection-moldings. Investigation shows that the fracture behavior of the materials responded differently to both hairline crack and V-shaped notch. Results revealed that amere 5?¬m deep critical hairline crack caused a drasticchange in the fracture behavior of the materials. In contrast, a standard V-shaped notch would only cause drastic change in toughness at a much higher critical notch depth of 600?¬m. V-shaped notch also provided a gradual transition in fracture behavior from the skin to the core regions, which suggests that the fracture behavior can be dependent on the skin and core sizes of PET injection moldings.
Bernard Chukwuemeka Ogazi-Onyemaechi , Masanori Okano , Yew Wei Leong , Hiroyuki Hamada, May 2010
The effect of notches was investigated by introducing
single-edge hairline cracks and V-shaped notches of
different depths on dumbbell samples to ascertain the
fracture behavior at the skin and core parts of virgin and
recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (V-PET/R-PET)
injection-moldings. Investigation shows that the fracture
behavior of the materials responded differently to both
hairline crack and V-shaped notch. Results revealed that a
mere 5?m deep critical hairline crack caused a drastic
change in the fracture behavior of the materials. In
contrast a standard V-shaped notch would only cause
drastic change in toughness at a much higher critical notch
depth of 600?m. V-shaped notch also provided a gradual
transition in fracture behavior from the skin to the core
regions which suggests that the fracture behavior can be
dependent on the skin and core sizes of PET injection
moldings.
Siti Fatimah Aminuddin , Leong Yew Wei , Hiroyuki Hamada, May 2010
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is one of the most important fibers for industrial production due to its high performance,low cost, and recyclability. The amount of waste that arise from post-consumer PET especially in the beverage industry have made recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) a beneficial effort in reducing environmental pollution. Studies of blends and composites using recycled PET have been carried out with several polymeric materials, like polyethylene and polystyrene. In this work, recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)/ recycled polypropylene (RPET/RPP) blends was subjected to injection molding and then subjected to hydrothermal treatment in water bath at below transition glass temperature to determine the amount of moisture absorption. As polypropylene tends to degrade at a faster rate than poly(ethylene terephthalate), the results show that defect of polypropylene effect the tensile strength and modulus of the RPET/RPP blends.
Siti Fatimah Aminuddin , Leong Yew Wei , Hiroyuki Hamada, May 2010
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is one of the most
important fibers for industrial production due to its high
performance low cost and recyclability. The amount of
waste that arise from post-consumer PET especially in the
beverage industry have made recycling of poly(ethylene
terephthalate) (PET) a beneficial effort in reducing
environmental pollution. Studies of blends and composites
using recycled PET have been carried out with several
polymeric materials like polyethylene and polystyrene. In
this work recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)/ recycled
polypropylene (RPET/RPP) blends was subjected to
injection molding and then subjected to hydrothermal
treatment in water bath at below transition glass
temperature to determine the amount of moisture
absorption. As polypropylene tends to degrade at a faster
rate than poly(ethylene terephthalate) the results show
that defect of polypropylene effect the tensile strength and
modulus of the RPET/RPP blends.
Spencer Seung Kim , Bok Hee Kim , Joshua Knies, May 2010
There is a global interest in replacing petroleum based synthetic composites with biodegradable hybrid materials in order to use renewable resources and to reduce the amount of persistent non-biodegradable plastics waste. Fillers (or reinforcements) play an important role to improve various characteristics in biodegradable hybrid composites. Various types of inorganic fillers are used to modify the properties of biodegradable composites in industrial applications. This paper attempts to investigate the effects of inorganic fillers (such as halloysite nano clay and calcium carbonate (CaCO3)) on the mechanical properties (tensile testing) and microstructures of hybrid thermoplastic cornstarch (TPS) material systems.
An overview is given of the various drivers, needs and trends in the automotive industry and how these are matched by various new plastic solutions, which in the end all significantly increase the sustainability of various car components and of the cars in total.
Polypropylene (PP)/polysulfone (PSU) membranes were successfully made using an environmentally-friendly process. Flux amongst other mechanical properties were improved with the introduction of functional polyolefins.Understanding the chemistry and location of the functional polyolefins is critical to explaining these improvements.
Polypropylene (PP)/polysulfone (PSU) membranes were
successfully made using an environmentally-friendly
process. Flux amongst other mechanical properties, were
improved with the introduction of functional polyolefins.
Understanding the chemistry and location of the
functional polyolefins is critical to explaining these
improvements.
Kim McLoughlin Senior Research Engineer, Global Materials Science Braskem
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Kim drives technology programs at Braskem to develop advanced polyolefins with improved recyclability and sustainability. As Principal Investigator on a REMADE-funded collaboration, Kim leads a diverse industry-academic team that is developing a process to recycle elastomers as secondary feedstock. Kim has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Cornell. She is an inventor on more than 25 patents and applications for novel polyolefin technologies. Kim is on the Board of Directors of SPE’s Thermoplastic Materials & Foams Division, where she has served as Education Chair and Councilor.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Gamini has a BS and PhD from Purdue University in Materials Engineering and Sustainability. He joined Penn State as a Post Doctorate Scholar in 2020 prior to his professorship appointment. He works closely with PA plastics manufacturers to implement sustainability programs in their plants.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Tom Giovannetti holds a Degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Tulsa and for the last 26 years has worked for Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. Tom started his plastics career by designing various injection molded products for the chemical industry including explosion proof plugs and receptacles, panel boards and detonation arrestors for 24 inch pipelines. Tom also holds a patent for design of a polyphenylene sulfide sleeve in a nylon coolant cross-over of an air intake manifold and is a Certified Plastic Technologist through the Society of Plastic Engineers. Tom serves on the Oklahoma Section Board as Councilor, is also the past president of the local Oklahoma SPE Section, and as well serves on the SPE Injection Molding Division board.
Joseph Lawrence, Ph.D. Senior Director and Research Professor University of Toledo
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Dr. Joseph Lawrence is a Research Professor and Senior Director of the Polymer Institute and the Center for Materials and Sensor Characterization at the University of Toledo. He is a Chemical Engineer by training and after working in the process industry, he has been engaged in polymers and composites research for 18+ years. In the Polymer Institute he leads research on renewably sourced polymers, plastics recycling, and additive manufacturing. He is also the lead investigator of the Polyesters and Barrier Materials Research Consortium funded by industry. Dr. Lawrence has advised 20 graduate students, mentored 8 staff scientists and several undergraduate students. He is a peer reviewer in several journals, has authored 30+ peer-reviewed publications and serves on the board of the Injection Molding Division of SPE.
Matt Hammernik Northeast Account Manager Hasco America
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Matt Hammernik serves as Hasco America’s Northeast Area Account Manager covering the states Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. He started with Hasco America at the beginning of March 2022. Matt started in the Injection Mold Industry roughly 10 years ago as an estimator quoting injection mold base steel, components and machining. He advanced into outside sales and has been serving molders, mold builders and mold makers for about 7 years.
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"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
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