The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
David Kazmer, Adam DiTocco, Colby Fleckner, Christian Stochaj, Stephanie Ternullo, May 2017
Weld lines in multi-gated and windowed products can act as flaws to weaken the mechanical strength of the part. A design of experiments with neat and 40% talc-filled polypropylene indicated that asymmetric melt in-flows during molding could be used to significantly strengthen weld lines in injection molded parts. Product design recommendations are provided.
Sun Kyoung Kim, Jiseon Hong, Dae-Jin Kim, May 2017
In micro-injection molding process, the dimension of the characteristic geometry can be similar to morphological feature size inside the polymer. This work investigates the crystalline morphology in the injection-molded polypropylene parts. It has been found that development of crystalline structure affects the filling flow. The molded micro-structure shows the crystalline growth on the surface. The crystalline structure inside micro-groove can be stretched crystal or spherulite.
The shrinkage and warpage behavior of injection molded parts is very complex. By using a new measuring method it was shown for the first time that the warpage can be classified as warping and distortion. In general, warpage can only be reduced substantially by a sufficiently high volumetric compensation in the holding pressure phase. Residual stress measurements show, deviating from the literature, that flow induced residual stresses can also induce compressive stresses in the part core due to pressure holding effects.
Jungsub Lee, Ilhyun Kim, Byoung-Ho Choi, Keum Hyang Lee, Chanho Jeong, May 2017
Scratch properties of talc-filled polypropylene was quantitatively evaluated by critical loads. Scratch test was conducted following ASTM D7027 standard. Melt index (MI) and talc content were varied to investigate wide range of composition. Tensile test was conducted according to ISO 527 and scratch properties are analyzed in terms of tensile properties.
Miranda Marcus, Harris Cohn, Josh Drechsler, Dan Grodek, Alex Savitski, May 2017
One of the most important variables for ultrasonic welding is amplitude. While recommended amplitude guidelines are available for many generic materials based on accumulated industry experience, use of specialized and newly developed materials is rapidly increasing. To that end, it is desired to have a method for experimentally determining the minimum amplitude required for a material. This work investigates one possible method to determine minimum required amplitude.
This paper shows how to employ layer splitting in coextrusion to improve tear strength of elastic films. The improvement is done without changing the chemical composition or adding a strength-enhancing polymer. The present work is focused on multilayer elastomeric films made from polymers in one layer that are immiscible in the polymers in the adjacent layer.
Novel open-cell foams were created using the solid-state foaming process in polyetherimide (PEI). The cell size is in the 50 – 150 nm range. The structures’ fluid permeability, gas diffusivity, and tortuosity were determined by applying classical models to experimental data. This new class of materials is expected to have a variety of applications such as nanofilters for dialysis/aerosols, slow release of volatile substances in medical or agricultural fields, and others.
Colin Nurden, Damiano Balzi, Stefano Osellame, May 2017
The article discusses commonly used systems for mold venting and their limitations, introducing therefore alternative dynamic venting valves that can help overcome such limitations and improve mold performance.
Tim Osswald, P. Obst, M. Launhardt, D. Drummer, P.V. Osswald, May 2017
A 3D failure criterion for anisotropic materials that incorporates stress interactions is implemented to predict failure of selective laser sintered parts. Special test specimens were designed, manufactured and tested. Results show that the failure of additive manufactured parts is strongly influenced by the interaction between stresses. The test data shows an excellent fit with a tensor based failure criterion that includes interaction strength tensor components [1].
The purpose of this paper is to provide an update in the development and commercialization of radiation modified, linear polyolefins including linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) that have been used to produce non-crosslinked, low density foams. This is an important commercial development in that now it is possible to access a broader range of foam properties through material selection to meet challenging performance requirements.
Markets trends of cost reduction, consumer convenience, sustainability & down-gauging drive the need for new and improved packaging solutions. Development of such solutions requires a look across the entire value chain – an Asset to Market look. This talk will focus on what is required for a successful packaging solutions to be launched in a competitive space. Key examples will be presented and will cover the trends related to recyclability and downgaging.
Heat seal lacquer materials are tailored for the types of substrate being sealed together and contents of the package. Both polymer properties and formulation variables can be chosen to target bond strength, activation temperature, and bond failure mode, all being optimized for a given end use. This paper will discuss examples of different polymer properties and formulation variables on the end-use performance in a heat seal lacquer.
Injection molding, the process of injecting plastic material into a mold cavity where it cools and hardens to the configuration of the cavity, is one of the world's most popular manufacturing processes. It is best used to mass produce highly accurate, and often complex, end-user parts.
Be Functional, smart and interactive are the most valuable asset to become a reference in our markets. The global S-textile market is already an 3 billion dollars business that is expect to exhibit double-digit growth, which are very interesting to go ahead with the implementation of projects of Biopolymer, Bio composites and nanotechnology and microelectronic in this issue. Please note the market by moving beyond traditional path of what means value and fulfilling business future.
In this work, we consider the effect of the addition of functionalized clay particles to a poly (tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) based polyurethane that is a candidate to be used as for flexible storage containment for a variety military fuels. We have synthesized urethanes with layered silicate inorganic nanoclay concentrations varying from 0% to 10% by weight and evaluated the diffusion of commercial gasoline.
Xiaofei Sun, Mark A. Spalding, Timothy W. Womer, Ned Uzelac, May 2017
Maddock-style mixers are used extensively on single-screw extruder screws to disperse materials into the molten resin matrix. Since the time LeRoy invented the device and Maddock perfected and commercialized it, the device has undergone several innovations. The goal of this paper is to describe the optimal flute geometry and mixing undercut dimension for a Maddock mixer with the goal of mitigating degradation gels and maximizing dispersive mixing efficiency.
The general Stokesian-generated exact equation for radiant interchange between heaters and sheet produces results similar to the differential method but is more versatile. Often, when a sheet of plastic is heated prior to forming it into a part, there are planes of heaters above and below the sheet. The heaters often have many segments, with each segment temperature controllable. As a result, the energy input to the sheet can be "shaped" to provide uniform heating of the sheet.
Heat transfer to plastic sheet is described mathematically with a traditional one-dimensional transient heat conduction equation with energy input occurring at the sheet surfaces. The model is called radiopaque. In this article, I propose that plastics usually absorb energy volumetrically. As a result, IK propose modifications both in the traditional heat conduction equation and its attendant boundary equations
In part 1 of this series, I defined the equations and parameters for the subject. In Part 2, I examine how volumetric absorption influences time dependent heating rates for PE and PS in three thin-gauge thicknesses. I also compare these results to the effect of heater and sheet emissivities.
Kim McLoughlin Senior Research Engineer, Global Materials Science Braskem
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Kim drives technology programs at Braskem to develop advanced polyolefins with improved recyclability and sustainability. As Principal Investigator on a REMADE-funded collaboration, Kim leads a diverse industry-academic team that is developing a process to recycle elastomers as secondary feedstock. Kim has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Cornell. She is an inventor on more than 25 patents and applications for novel polyolefin technologies. Kim is on the Board of Directors of SPE’s Thermoplastic Materials & Foams Division, where she has served as Education Chair and Councilor.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Gamini has a BS and PhD from Purdue University in Materials Engineering and Sustainability. He joined Penn State as a Post Doctorate Scholar in 2020 prior to his professorship appointment. He works closely with PA plastics manufacturers to implement sustainability programs in their plants.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Tom Giovannetti holds a Degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Tulsa and for the last 26 years has worked for Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. Tom started his plastics career by designing various injection molded products for the chemical industry including explosion proof plugs and receptacles, panel boards and detonation arrestors for 24 inch pipelines. Tom also holds a patent for design of a polyphenylene sulfide sleeve in a nylon coolant cross-over of an air intake manifold and is a Certified Plastic Technologist through the Society of Plastic Engineers. Tom serves on the Oklahoma Section Board as Councilor, is also the past president of the local Oklahoma SPE Section, and as well serves on the SPE Injection Molding Division board.
Joseph Lawrence, Ph.D. Senior Director and Research Professor University of Toledo
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Dr. Joseph Lawrence is a Research Professor and Senior Director of the Polymer Institute and the Center for Materials and Sensor Characterization at the University of Toledo. He is a Chemical Engineer by training and after working in the process industry, he has been engaged in polymers and composites research for 18+ years. In the Polymer Institute he leads research on renewably sourced polymers, plastics recycling, and additive manufacturing. He is also the lead investigator of the Polyesters and Barrier Materials Research Consortium funded by industry. Dr. Lawrence has advised 20 graduate students, mentored 8 staff scientists and several undergraduate students. He is a peer reviewer in several journals, has authored 30+ peer-reviewed publications and serves on the board of the Injection Molding Division of SPE.
Matt Hammernik Northeast Account Manager Hasco America
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Matt Hammernik serves as Hasco America’s Northeast Area Account Manager covering the states Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. He started with Hasco America at the beginning of March 2022. Matt started in the Injection Mold Industry roughly 10 years ago as an estimator quoting injection mold base steel, components and machining. He advanced into outside sales and has been serving molders, mold builders and mold makers for about 7 years.
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How to reference articles from the SPE Library:
Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers, ISBN: 123-0-1234567-8-9, pp. 000-000.
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
