The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
Ethylene-styrene interpolymer (ESI) resins prepared using a constrained geometry catalyst were found to make tough blends with a polystyrene (PS) resin, with the toughening effect dependent upon the relative proportions of ESI and PS resins. At low levels in the blend, an ESI resin forms dispersed micro-domains of sub-micron size in polystyrene. At 40 wt % of styrene, an ESI resin makes a co-continuous blend that is both stiff and ductile. This toughening effect increases as the styrene content in the ESI resin increases, peaking at approximately 70 wt % of styrene.
Gas transport properties of various thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) films are presented as a function of gauge, temperature and humidity. Influence of the TPU's chemical constitution on the transport characteristics is discussed. Empirical data for the different gases and comparison to other soft elastic polymers permit rules of thumb for the selection of appropriate TPU grades for various applications.
In-mold labeling [IML] is a process where pre-printed labels are inserted into a mold prior to the introduction of the plastic. This process removes the need for post-printing, which simplifies part handling. By adapting current technology, a simple and robust IML system was prototyped for a four-cavity mold. This paper discusses some of the design issues considered in the development of this particular IML system.
The grafting of low density polyethylenes with diethylmaleate was carried out in a twin screw extruder. A lower grafting degree was found in the material that showed a higher viscosity in the element of the extruder just below the feed port. The weight-average molecular weight of the grafted materials slightly decreased. However, the Newtonian viscosity and the storage modulus increased when compared to virgin resins. Those facts indicate that chain scission processes are taking place simultaneously with long-chain branching formation.
This paper describes a fully three-dimensional transient finite element method for calculating the flow behavior and fiber orientation during filling of injection molded parts. The material anisotropy behavior is modeled by using the Doi-Doraiswamy-Metzner model. Numerical results, involving the filling of a rectangular plate and a test specimen part, emphasizing the importance of non isothermal flow and the three-dimensional coupling calculations between the flow and orientation, are presented.
The melt rheology and film processing behaviours of conventional high pressure-LDPE and LLDPE are compared with both linear and long chain branched (LCB) metallocene polyethylenes. The effects of molecular structure on melt behaviours of these different types of polymers will be discussed in terms of an improved melt strength measurement. Two new parameters: ?(MS)/?P the melt strength pressure derivative and ?(MS)/?(log?), the melt strength shear rate derivative, have been defined.
Michael M. Coleman, Yin Hu, Paul C. Painter, May 1999
During the past three years or so we have been studying chain connectivity and its effect on the free energy of mixing and phase behavior of (co)polymer blends. Infrared spectroscopy has been our primary tool because in carefully chosen mixtures it is possible to measure the fraction of hydrogen bonded groups present as a function of composition and temperature. We have now turned our attention to the effect of cross-linking one or both of the (co)polymers in the blend and present the results of recent FTIR spectroscopic studies.
Antje Stein de Vilchez, Witold Brostow, Prakaipetch Punchaipetch, Syed Maswood, May 1999
Temperature and pressure-dependent volumetric changes of the 8552/S2 epoxy + glass fiber composite were investigated by a Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) technique. The Hartmann equation of state was used to develop a model for prediction of the bulk modulus as a function of both pressure and temperature. This model describes the experimental data very well over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
John F. McClelland, Roger Jones, Stan Bajic, May 1999
FTIR Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) has advantages relative to conventional infrared techniques (transmission, reflection, and emission) because it is non-destructive, does not involve sample preparation, and can probe samples with compositional gradients and layers. The theory, instrumentation, methods, and applications of FTIR-PAS are discussed and results are presented on several polymer analyses based on FTIR-PAS.
J. González, C. Rosales, M.N. Ichazo, H. Rojas, May 1999
Two commercial types of polyvinyl chloride with different K values were blended with LLDPE, HDPE, LDPE, and their grafted products with diethylmaleate. The PVC/PE blends were prepared in two proportions. The blends made with the grafted LLDPE showed to be more translucent than those prepared with non-functionalized LLDPE, due to a much better interfusion between the particles for the first ones. However, the mechanical properties are lower than those of pure PVC.
K.A. Narh, J. Guo, M. Xanthos, U. Yilmazer, V. Tan, May 1999
As part of on-going studies on the manufacturing of re-engineered materials from waste plastic streams, rheological, mechanical and thermal characterization of recyclable plastics from old computer housings and used carpet materials were carried out, with anticipated use in thin-walled products. A combined stress and mold cavity flow analysis has been used to obtain optimum design and process parameters for the anticipated products.
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate different manufacturing methods to produce the same or a very similar Multi-Shot part. It will conclude by giving cost breakdowns on all options, including capital cost, cycle time and ultimately piece part cost.
This paper presents the motivation, development, and system components of a Web-based Knowledge Management System (KMS) for the injection molding process. It also discusses the impact and potential benefits of employing Web technology to manage and share data, information, knowledge*, and analysis results by various parties that are involved in the design and manufacture of injection-molded parts.
There are many influential factors and processing variables that can impact the mechanical and aesthetic properties of a rotomolded part. One of the main variables is the resin being processed and its associated rheological properties. The manner by which the polymer powder sinters and fuses together needs to be understood to ensure the correct processing cycle is used to obtain an optimum cured part. The influence of bubbles that form during the sintering phase and the melt index of the material, contribute to the quality of the part being produced.
In an attempt to prepare our students better for the challenges after their University study, the Departments of Chemical and Mechanical Engineering at the University of New Brunswick are continuously seeking new ways to expose the students to state-of-the-art real world technologies. The authors present an approach for introducing the students to various aspects of plastics processing and training on an example of their senior design course.
The trade show is a vital component to the plastics industry. As we depend more and more on e-mail, the internet and conference calls, we have become removed from each other. The opportunities to speak face to face, and business to business with so many companies under one roof, is unique to the trade show setting. In this presentation several suggestions and tips" will be discussed which will help you optimize your trade show experience."
A thermoplastic rifle stock for a new rifle was developed. Initial wooden models were shaped to meet market demands. CAD models were produced both manually and using digitizing with little difference in outcome. CAD models should include manufacturing process related geometry issues such as draft allowance and gate vestige size and location. Examples of methods to prevent problems are outlined throughout the development process. Ultimately, a successful new product was delivered to the marketplace with both prototype and production tooling.
Since it is known that cross-linked Polyethylene can be welded, it is clear that the acting mechanisms in the interior of a welded joint are not adequately explained yet. There are several criterion, hypotheses and models that try to describe what happens in a welded joint. In this paper two new promising hypotheses, the Mixed Crystal Hypothesis and the Nexus Hypothesis, are introduced. The Mixed Crystal Hypothesis can be proven by the help of several different examination methods. Other examinations support the Nexus Hypothesis.
This presentation is concerned with the development of process simulators for the analysis of compounding operations in modular corotating intermeshing twin-screw extruders. Approximate flow and heat transfer models are presented and implemented in a personal computer based software package for the fast simulation of the processing behavior in realistic settings.
Coextrusion with three or more layers is commonly used to produce end products that have properties with a good mix of the individual components. Layer multiplying technology allows for coextruded samples to be multiplied into tens or even thousands of layers, producing microlayers. In this manner, a wide variety of polymers can be combined intimately with minimal mixing. Microlayers have several distinct advantages as both a research tool and as a method of producing end products with enhanced properties. The effect of large interfacial area and of scaling is discussed with several example systems.
Kim McLoughlin Senior Research Engineer, Global Materials Science Braskem
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Kim drives technology programs at Braskem to develop advanced polyolefins with improved recyclability and sustainability. As Principal Investigator on a REMADE-funded collaboration, Kim leads a diverse industry-academic team that is developing a process to recycle elastomers as secondary feedstock. Kim has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Cornell. She is an inventor on more than 25 patents and applications for novel polyolefin technologies. Kim is on the Board of Directors of SPE’s Thermoplastic Materials & Foams Division, where she has served as Education Chair and Councilor.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Gamini has a BS and PhD from Purdue University in Materials Engineering and Sustainability. He joined Penn State as a Post Doctorate Scholar in 2020 prior to his professorship appointment. He works closely with PA plastics manufacturers to implement sustainability programs in their plants.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Tom Giovannetti holds a Degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Tulsa and for the last 26 years has worked for Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. Tom started his plastics career by designing various injection molded products for the chemical industry including explosion proof plugs and receptacles, panel boards and detonation arrestors for 24 inch pipelines. Tom also holds a patent for design of a polyphenylene sulfide sleeve in a nylon coolant cross-over of an air intake manifold and is a Certified Plastic Technologist through the Society of Plastic Engineers. Tom serves on the Oklahoma Section Board as Councilor, is also the past president of the local Oklahoma SPE Section, and as well serves on the SPE Injection Molding Division board.
Joseph Lawrence, Ph.D. Senior Director and Research Professor University of Toledo
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Dr. Joseph Lawrence is a Research Professor and Senior Director of the Polymer Institute and the Center for Materials and Sensor Characterization at the University of Toledo. He is a Chemical Engineer by training and after working in the process industry, he has been engaged in polymers and composites research for 18+ years. In the Polymer Institute he leads research on renewably sourced polymers, plastics recycling, and additive manufacturing. He is also the lead investigator of the Polyesters and Barrier Materials Research Consortium funded by industry. Dr. Lawrence has advised 20 graduate students, mentored 8 staff scientists and several undergraduate students. He is a peer reviewer in several journals, has authored 30+ peer-reviewed publications and serves on the board of the Injection Molding Division of SPE.
Matt Hammernik Northeast Account Manager Hasco America
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Matt Hammernik serves as Hasco America’s Northeast Area Account Manager covering the states Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. He started with Hasco America at the beginning of March 2022. Matt started in the Injection Mold Industry roughly 10 years ago as an estimator quoting injection mold base steel, components and machining. He advanced into outside sales and has been serving molders, mold builders and mold makers for about 7 years.
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How to reference articles from the SPE Library:
Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers, ISBN: 123-0-1234567-8-9, pp. 000-000.
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
