The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
Marion McAfee, Steve Thompson, G.M. McNally, May 2004
Melt viscosity during extrusion is a strong indicator of product quality, hence measurement of this variable in real-time is a key target for process control. The suitability of different methods of viscosity monitoring for application in a control scheme is assessed in this work. The responses of in-line and on-line rheometers to steady state and dynamic conditions are investigated. Also, the ability to infer viscosity by monitoring of other process variables is considered.
A.J. Dawson, P.D. Coates, R. Collis, L. Owen, D. Owen, H.S. Rajamani, May 2004
The potential for process and production measurements on injection moulding machines using non-invasive, energy measurements is examined. High-speed energy measurements are shown to provide similar information to more traditional process measurements. Energy measurements may also provide additional information for use in process troubleshooting. It is concluded that energy monitoring can provide a fingerprint" of a process and hence can be used for product quality control."
E.C. Brown, L. Mulvaney-Johnson, P.D. Coates, May 2004
In-process measurements using ultrasonic technology provide a powerful yet non-invasive insight into material conditions. In the injection-moulding cavity, information on filling and solidification detection can be measured. The transit time of longitudinal ultrasonic waves through HDPE has been measured during gas assisted injection moulding (GAIM), indicating the ability of this technology to assess part wall thickness in-situ before mould opening.
Nikhil Gupta, Guoqiang Li, H. Dwayne Jerro, Eyassu Woldesenbet, Su-Seng Pang, May 2004
Effect of incorporation of nano-size clay particles on the flexural properties of syntactic foams is studied in the present work. Nanoclay particles are incorporated in syntactic foams in the volume fraction of 2 and 5%. Total volume fraction of glass microballoons and nanoclay is maintained at 0.65. Three-point bending tests are carried out in accordance to the standards ASTM D790-02. Flexural strength is found to increase with nanoclay content.
Sintering characteristics of clay nanoparticle/polyamide 6 composite were studied for applications in Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing. Sintered nanocomposite powders showed lower final density than the standard polymer due to increased resistance to low shear rate deformation. Because of this flow resistance, rapid prototyping processing parameters such as part-bed temperature and laser power must be adjusted.
G. Mehta, L.T. Drzal, A.K. Mohanty, K. Thayer, M. Misra, May 2004
A novel high volume processing technique called a 'biocomposite stampable sheet molding compound panel' (BCSMCP) manufacturing process was developed to mimic the continuous sheet molding compound (SMC) currently used in making glass fiber-polyester resin composites.
Hiroyuki Fukushima, Sung Ho Lee, Lawrence T. Drzal, May 2004
Natural crystalline graphite based graphite intercalated compounds [GICs] were exfoliated into sub-micron graphite flakes. Graphite nanocomposites were fabricated by combining the exfoliated graphite flakes with nylon66 resin. The mechanical properties of these composites showed considerably higher modulus than those of composites made with commercially available carbon reinforcing materials (i.e., CF, VGCF, and Carbon Black).
Alissa Saenz, Richard Knight, Thomas Twardowski, May 2004
High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray can create dense composite coatings. In ongoing experiments, composite feedstock powders composed of nanoscopic silica and nylon 11 were ball milled for up to 48 hours. Ashing indicated complete silica incorporation within the first half hour. Microscopy showed other physical changes occurring after additional milling.
Rigoberto Burgueño, Mario J. Quagliata, Amar K. Mohanty, Manjusri Misra, Geeta Mehta, Lawrence T. Drza, May 2004
Natural fiber composites (biocomposites) can be used in load-bearing components by improving their efficiency through hybrid and hierarchical cellular material designs. Experimental and analytical studies evaluated the material and structural short-term performance of material systems and laboratory-scale cellular beams and plates. Results indicate the potential of biocomposites for structural components.
Amar K. Mohanty, Lawrence T. Drzal, Prasad Mulukutla, Shrojal M. Desai, Manju Misra, May 2004
Eco-friendly green" composite materials are fabricated from inexpensive chopped natural fiber and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) through extrusion followed by injection molding processing. The incorporation of natural fiber in to the composite structure improved the modulus and impact strength of virgin bioplastic. Maleated PHB is synthesized by us and is also used as a compatibilizer in PHB based biocomposites."
Hyuk-soo Lee, Paula D. Fasulo, William R. Rodgers, Donald R. Paul, May 2004
Thermoplastic polyolefin nanocomposites based on polypropylene/elastomer/organoclay were prepared in a twin-screw extruder. Mechanical properties and thermal expansion behavior were measured and compared with composite theory. These properties will be discussed in terms of the morphology of the dispersed clay and rubber phases and the characteristics of the matrix and dispersed phases.
Pritam Das, Ozgu Ozturk, Justin Molenaur, R. Byron Pipes, May 2004
The process for thermoplastic pultrusion of glass fiber yarns is controlled with data acquisition software via the Internet. Consisting of the fiber distribution system with the guidance device, extruder, impregnation chamber, cooling unit, pulling mechanism, and take up device, the pultrusion line is operated and/or monitored remotely to obtain optimum performance.
Ozgu Ozturk, Pritam Das, Michael Stadler, R. Byron Pipes, May 2004
The influence of process variables on the degree of thermoplastic impregnation of glass fiber yarns by pultrusion is investigated. The performance of the pultrusion line consisting of fiber distribution system, guidance device, extruder, impregnation chamber, cooling unit, pulling mechanism, and take-up device is examined in order to evaluate variable sensitivity and to optimize the process for pulling speed.
John Muzzy, Youjiang Wang, Carl Hagberg, Pritesh Patel, Kun Jin, Susnata Samanta, Latoya Bryson, Bryan Shaw, May 2004
Post-consumer carpet is sorted by face fiber, shredded and compounded with long glass fibers. Both extrusion compounding and layering of glass mats and carpet fiber mats are explored. The properties of the composites produced exceed typical plastic lumber composites and are comparable to commercial glass mat composites.
Aaron R. James, Igor Sbarski, Syed H. Masood, Edward Kosior, May 2004
Composites of post-consumer plastics and high volume fraction waste paper have been studied. Various production techniques have been tested, with an optimum processing method defined, allowing the manufacture of low-cost composites of up to 60% paper content. Results indicate increases in tensile, flexural and creep modulus and flexural strength compared to the matrix can be achieved without the requirement of additives, with only marginally lower tensile strength and brittle impact behavior.
J.P. Nunes, J.F. Silva, F.W.J. van Hattum, A.T. Marques, May 2004
In the present work cost-effective glass-reinforced thermoplastic matrix towpregs were used to produce composites by filament winding at different processing conditions. The influence of the filament winding speed and mandrel temperature on the composite final properties was studied. An optimized processing window was established by comparing the composite theoretical expected mechanical properties with those experimentally obtained.
A range of wood-polymer composites; containing 0, 20, 40 and 60%w/w of MDF sawdust (212- 850?m) was prepared using polyethylene, polypropylene and rigid PVC. The blends were melt compounded using a Killion 38mm single screw extruder. The composites were then subjected to a surface-active agent (SAA) solution for 7 weeks and percentage water up-take was shown to increase, with a significant reduction in the mechanical properties.
Y. Ruksakulpiwat, N. Suppakarn, W. Sutapun, W. Thomthong, May 2004
The vetiver-polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared at various ratios of vetiver contents. Vetiver grass was prepared as vetiver leaves and vetiver fiber. The effect of vetiver contents on thermal, rheological, mechanical and morphological properties of the composites were studied. Vetiver grass was treated by chemical treatments and the effect of chemical treatments on these properties was elucidated.
Wern-Shiarng Jou, Huy-Zu Cheng, Chih-Ming Weng, Yu-Jen Hsu, May 2004
The high electromagnetic shielding and low cost woven carbon fiber composites were developed. In this study, continuous carbon fibers were woven as a conductive network with different mesh size. For an adequate SE performance that is realistic for an industrial application (40 dB), the required weight percentage of continuous carbon fibers applied in the injection molded composites is about 1%, which is much lower than that of conventional (more than 30%) discontinuous long carbon fiber composites.
The work presented here focuses on two key issue of nanocomposites: how to achieve high levels of exfoliation of the clay platelets and to what extent the resulting benefits can be explained by conventional composite theories, i.e., is there a nano-effect" whereby the platelets significantly alter the local properties of the matrix?"
Kim McLoughlin Senior Research Engineer, Global Materials Science Braskem
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Kim drives technology programs at Braskem to develop advanced polyolefins with improved recyclability and sustainability. As Principal Investigator on a REMADE-funded collaboration, Kim leads a diverse industry-academic team that is developing a process to recycle elastomers as secondary feedstock. Kim has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Cornell. She is an inventor on more than 25 patents and applications for novel polyolefin technologies. Kim is on the Board of Directors of SPE’s Thermoplastic Materials & Foams Division, where she has served as Education Chair and Councilor.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Gamini has a BS and PhD from Purdue University in Materials Engineering and Sustainability. He joined Penn State as a Post Doctorate Scholar in 2020 prior to his professorship appointment. He works closely with PA plastics manufacturers to implement sustainability programs in their plants.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Tom Giovannetti holds a Degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Tulsa and for the last 26 years has worked for Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. Tom started his plastics career by designing various injection molded products for the chemical industry including explosion proof plugs and receptacles, panel boards and detonation arrestors for 24 inch pipelines. Tom also holds a patent for design of a polyphenylene sulfide sleeve in a nylon coolant cross-over of an air intake manifold and is a Certified Plastic Technologist through the Society of Plastic Engineers. Tom serves on the Oklahoma Section Board as Councilor, is also the past president of the local Oklahoma SPE Section, and as well serves on the SPE Injection Molding Division board.
Joseph Lawrence, Ph.D. Senior Director and Research Professor University of Toledo
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Dr. Joseph Lawrence is a Research Professor and Senior Director of the Polymer Institute and the Center for Materials and Sensor Characterization at the University of Toledo. He is a Chemical Engineer by training and after working in the process industry, he has been engaged in polymers and composites research for 18+ years. In the Polymer Institute he leads research on renewably sourced polymers, plastics recycling, and additive manufacturing. He is also the lead investigator of the Polyesters and Barrier Materials Research Consortium funded by industry. Dr. Lawrence has advised 20 graduate students, mentored 8 staff scientists and several undergraduate students. He is a peer reviewer in several journals, has authored 30+ peer-reviewed publications and serves on the board of the Injection Molding Division of SPE.
Matt Hammernik Northeast Account Manager Hasco America
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Matt Hammernik serves as Hasco America’s Northeast Area Account Manager covering the states Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. He started with Hasco America at the beginning of March 2022. Matt started in the Injection Mold Industry roughly 10 years ago as an estimator quoting injection mold base steel, components and machining. He advanced into outside sales and has been serving molders, mold builders and mold makers for about 7 years.
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How to reference articles from the SPE Library:
Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers, ISBN: 123-0-1234567-8-9, pp. 000-000.
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