The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
B.R. Whiteside, E.C. Brown, Y. Ono, C.-K. Jen, P.D. Coates, May 2005
Polymer degradation was successfully probed by measuring the ultrasonic velocity in the polymer at the barrel and mold insert of a micromolding machine with ultrasonic pulse-echo technique. Filling incompletion of the mold cavity was also detected by monitoring the ultrasonic energy variation transmitted into the part at different points along the melt flow length. The presented ultrasonic sensors and technique enable optimizing the micromolding process to improve quality of the molded parts.
Snap fit assembly has many advantages over non-integral fastener techniques. Snaps can improve product cost by part reduction and reduced assembly labor. However, the cost and time for engineering and tooling for snaps probably are increased. While the piece part and assembly cost may be reduced by snaps, the up front time and costs may wipe out this gain unless the manufacturing volumes are very high.
R.M. Suffield, J.E. Kiesser, S.H. Dillman, May 2005
Mixed tocopherols containing a predominance of ?- tocopherol were evaluated for antioxidant performance in polybutadiene and polyisoprene based styrenic block copolymers using oxidative induction time as a measure of antioxidant performance. A conventional hindered phenolic antioxidant and ?-tocopherol (vitamin E) were evaluated in comparison. Mixed tocopherols exhibited significantly higher performance than the controls in both SIS and SBS polymers.
Reactionary forces and bending moments within conventional lifter core rods require smaller rod angles, which can increase mold die height and foot print. A new approach to designing lifter cores utilizes a second guide rod that is parallel to the lifter rod. The resulting parallelogram results in the elimination of the bending moment seen in conventional single-rod lifter configurations. This approach allows for a greater lifter angle, reducing the necessary die height and mold footprint.
Degree of fill is a key factor in extruders because it can affect pressure profiles, residence time distributions, and mixing performance. In this paper, the fully filled length and pressure profiles in a co-rotating twin screw extruder were measured experimentally. The fully filled length in a conveying section prior to a kneading block shows a linear relationship with specific throughput. We also explored the effect of the kneading disk configurations (staggering angles and thickness) on the fully filled length.
P. Dias, H. Wang, R. Nowacki, A. Chang, J. Van Dun, P. Ansems, S. Chum, A. Hiltner, E. Baer, May 2005
The solid state structure and mechanical properties of fibers and oriented films made from a new class of propylene based elastomers (PBE) are investigated. The effect of processing conditions on the solid state structure is probed with density, WAXS, DSC and OM birefringence measurements. Relationships between fiber and film process conditions, solid state structure, and mechanical behavior are described.
Mark Yeager, Ignacio Osio, Christopher Bright, May 2005
Solvent stress testing has proven to be an effective method for identifying areas of elevated stress in parts and assemblies made from polycarbonate. Dilutions of various stress-cracking agents have been developed to quantify the levels of molded-in and/or applied stresses. Unfortunately, there has not been good correlation between the various test solutions. Calibration tests were performed for this study to develop guidelines to improve the resolution and accuracy of solvent stress testing, particularly at low stress levels.
John Beaumont, Christopher Stewart, Mark Ezzo, May 2005
The development of high sheared laminates are shown to have a significant effect on filling pattern. New methods are shown to manage these hotter high sheared laminates to control filling pattern and position them so as to increase weld line strength.
Kevin J. Calzia, Alan J. Lesser, Anne Forcum, May 2005
Improvements in mechanical and thermal properties of glassy networks have been made through the use of a unique class of molecules that reinforce the network at the molecular scale, commonly referred to as fortifiers. In our studies, fortifiers are incorporated either as an additive or as a reactive monomer in the network. Each approach provides different benefits in properties. Several mechanisms of fortification are discussed and correlated to the observed improvements in properties.
B. Browning, G.T. Lim, A. Moyse, H.-J. Sue, May 2005
A set of model TPO systems, with and without slip agent and talc surface treatment, was investigated using a linear load increase scratch test methodology. Our findings suggest that both the presence of slip agent and surface treatment of talc fillers[GTLim2] can greatly reduce scratch visibility. The underlying mechanisms are discussed.
ZnO nanords were synthesized using spherical ZnO nanoparticle precursor solution. Our unique wet chemistry approach can produce uniform ZnO nanorods at a much lower concentration than expected. We used transmission electron microscopy to characterize the rodlike shape evolution of ZnO quantum dots. The underlying mechanisms for the formation of ZnO nanorods are described and discussed.
Creep measurements were carried out on starch based blend reinforced with sisal short fibers. The selected matrices were MaterBi-Y (cellulose acetate) and MaterBi-Z (polycaprolactone). The studied temperatures were higher than Tg for MaterBi-Z and lower of Tg for MaterBi-Y and as expected, the behavior was different. Different models were applied and allowed the comparison with other materials.
The geometric factors influence of injected pieces on the cavity pressure curves behavior during the injection process was studied. Mold cavity sensors were placing in the most critical areas in the pieces. The geometries were evaluated using an injection process simulator program. Substantial changes in the cavity pressure curves in pieces with different thickness were obtained. The shape factor is an important geometric factor that showed smaller variation in the cavity pressure registrations in pieces of small length.
Susnata Samanta, Jeff Toke, John Muzzy, Charles L. Liotta, May 2005
Maleated polypropylene (mPP) is often used as an adhesion promoter in polypropylene composites. Poly (maleic anhydride) (PMA) or oligomers of maleic anhydride are often present in maleated polypropylene, but they do not contribute to the adhesion of polypropylene to glass fiber reinforcements. PMA can be detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Premature failures have occurred in some PEX piping systems that utilized a stainless steel crimp ring to attach the PEX pipe to copper or brass fittings. Leaks in these systems were traced to a non-uniform crimping of the PEX tubing around the circumference of the fittings. Some leaks were also due to cracking of the crimp rings as a result of the crimping process and corrosion of the rings.
VCR (Various clearance rotor) is a new type of continuous mixer’s modular rotor. The flow field of different configurations flow field of VCR has been simulated in this paper. According to the simulation result, the pressure, velocity and viscosity field are obtained. The average shear stress, shear rate and shear degree in deferent configurations are calculated by post-process program. Meanwhile, the mixing ability of different configurations flow field is compared.
Micromolded parts produced using a range of injection velocities, mold temperatures, melt temperatures, and hold conditions were examined for part quality. Part dimensions were measured using an optical comparator and residual stresses were evaluated under polarized light. Results are discussed in terms of the material properties and processing conditions.
Jaehyung Ju, Roger J. Morgan, Terry C. Creasy, Steven Hafernik, E. Eugene Shin, May 2005
The objective of this research is to develop a methodology for combined mechanical and thermal synergistic test for M40J/PMR-II-50 [90/0]s, a uni-tape composite material; and its analysis by using a statistical approach. Four different controlled factors (mechanical strain, temperature range of thermal cycling, number of thermal cycles, and heating rate), which degrade the composite, are evaluated in terms of both primary effects and interaction effects quantitatively.
Zheng-Guan. Lin, Shi-Chang Tseng, Allen Peng, C.T. Huang, May 2005
This study focused on plastic micro injection molding optical fiber ferrules. Each ferrule has a through hole in the center. The inner diameter is 125±1?m. How to keep the micro core pin at the center becomes a critical issue. A guiding mechanism is introduced to reduce the chance of pin’s mis-alignment and increase life time. The design concept of presented guiding mechanism is also suitable for molding micro tubes, especially for high aspect ratio cases.
Takayuki Inuzuka, Akihiro Fujita, Asami Nakai, Hiroyuki Hamada, May 2005
Deformation and crack-formation of holes during punching were investigated for injection molded polystyrene (PS) and polycarbonate (PC). Amount of deformation for both polymers increased with increasing punching temperature and with decreasing punching speed. The extent of deformation for both polymers were especially large when punching was conducted at temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymers. For PS, two types of cracks appeared. However, only one type of crack appeared for PC.
Kim McLoughlin Senior Research Engineer, Global Materials Science Braskem
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Kim drives technology programs at Braskem to develop advanced polyolefins with improved recyclability and sustainability. As Principal Investigator on a REMADE-funded collaboration, Kim leads a diverse industry-academic team that is developing a process to recycle elastomers as secondary feedstock. Kim has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Cornell. She is an inventor on more than 25 patents and applications for novel polyolefin technologies. Kim is on the Board of Directors of SPE’s Thermoplastic Materials & Foams Division, where she has served as Education Chair and Councilor.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Gamini has a BS and PhD from Purdue University in Materials Engineering and Sustainability. He joined Penn State as a Post Doctorate Scholar in 2020 prior to his professorship appointment. He works closely with PA plastics manufacturers to implement sustainability programs in their plants.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Tom Giovannetti holds a Degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Tulsa and for the last 26 years has worked for Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. Tom started his plastics career by designing various injection molded products for the chemical industry including explosion proof plugs and receptacles, panel boards and detonation arrestors for 24 inch pipelines. Tom also holds a patent for design of a polyphenylene sulfide sleeve in a nylon coolant cross-over of an air intake manifold and is a Certified Plastic Technologist through the Society of Plastic Engineers. Tom serves on the Oklahoma Section Board as Councilor, is also the past president of the local Oklahoma SPE Section, and as well serves on the SPE Injection Molding Division board.
Joseph Lawrence, Ph.D. Senior Director and Research Professor University of Toledo
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Dr. Joseph Lawrence is a Research Professor and Senior Director of the Polymer Institute and the Center for Materials and Sensor Characterization at the University of Toledo. He is a Chemical Engineer by training and after working in the process industry, he has been engaged in polymers and composites research for 18+ years. In the Polymer Institute he leads research on renewably sourced polymers, plastics recycling, and additive manufacturing. He is also the lead investigator of the Polyesters and Barrier Materials Research Consortium funded by industry. Dr. Lawrence has advised 20 graduate students, mentored 8 staff scientists and several undergraduate students. He is a peer reviewer in several journals, has authored 30+ peer-reviewed publications and serves on the board of the Injection Molding Division of SPE.
Matt Hammernik Northeast Account Manager Hasco America
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Matt Hammernik serves as Hasco America’s Northeast Area Account Manager covering the states Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. He started with Hasco America at the beginning of March 2022. Matt started in the Injection Mold Industry roughly 10 years ago as an estimator quoting injection mold base steel, components and machining. He advanced into outside sales and has been serving molders, mold builders and mold makers for about 7 years.
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How to reference articles from the SPE Library:
Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers, ISBN: 123-0-1234567-8-9, pp. 000-000.
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
