The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
Maria Vlad, Gowrishankar Srinivasan, David Grewell, May 2007
Biodegradable plastics based on soy protein were prepared with glycerol as a plasticizer and compounded with different additives such as: polycaprolactone and zinc stearate as well as heat treated at various temperatures after the injection molding process in order to characterize base material strength and the effect of water absorption. The results indicated that the polycaprolactone and, respectively a medium to high heat treatment enhanced the tensile strength and decreased the water absorption significantly.
Residual fiber lengths of long fiber thermoplastic (LFT) polypropylene (PP) composites made by injection molding (IM) or extrusion compression molding (ECM) were correlated with tensile modulus, strength, and impact energy. IM retained substantially lower fiber lengths than ECM, but neither strength nor stiffness was reduced. Impact properties, however, increased 4 fold as the length increased from 0.6 to 10 mm, and only ECM preserved fibers long enough to significantly improve impact resistance.
Gerald Pinter, Markus Haager, Reinhold W. Lang, May 2007
The present paper describes the main elements of a novel concept for lifetime and safety assessment of PE pressure pipes for arbitrary installation conditions based on modern methods of fracture mechanics. At the core of the proposed concept is the accelerated generation of so-called synthetic" crack growth curves and corresponding material laws for crack growth initiation and slow crack growth for service-near temperature conditions without the use of stress cracking liquids."
Qibo Jiang, Krzysztof Wilczynski, James L. White, May 2007
A composite model of solids conveying, melting and melt flow in a closely intermeshing counter-rotating twin-screw extruder of modular design has been developed. This is based on combining melt conveying models with new melting and solids conveying models. Computations are made for axial fill factor, pressure, temperature, and melting profiles. The results are compared with experiment.
Xianlong Ge, Elizabeth K. Culyba, William H. Starnes, Jr., May 2007
Organic thiols containing at least one carboxylate ester group (ester thiols) are excellent heat stabilizers for both rigid and plasticized PVC. Their mechanism of action is now shown to involve the deactivation of unstable structural defects by nucleophilic chloride displacement, the retardation and removal of coloration through thiol additions to polyene double bonds, and the prevention of autoacceleration during thermal dehydrochlorination through polyene shortening reactions and the scavenging of free radicals formed from polyenes and HCl.
Myer Ezrin, Gary Lavigne, Mark Dudley, Laura Pinatti, Fiona Leek, May 2007
Without analytical and physical methods, many cases of plastics failure would be unsolved or solved incorrectly. Some methods require costly instrumentation and technical expertise. Others have little cost and are easy to learn. Accuracy and reliability are essential for correct conclusions about failure cause. Knowledge of the science and technology of polymeric materials helps in interpretation of analytical and test data.
Wei Zhang, Hailing Yang, Ronald Moffitt, Jimmy Tung, May 2007
The shrinkage characteristics of polyolefin films that have been irradiation crosslinked prior to and after orientation have been studied using two types of tests: free shrink and shrink force tests. The shrink behavior can be described using various graphical tools generated from these tests in the term of tendency of shrink (shrinkage stress) and extent of shrink (unconstrained recoverable elastic strain). Finally, the residue energy calculated from the synthesized stress-strain plots provides insight into the mechanism of heat shrinkable films.
Jatin Panchal, Pat Sunderland, Eric Rohr, May 2007
Effect of addition of a dispersion aid or a hyperdispersant on the color strength, surface defects and processing characteristics of PE (Polyethylene) pigment masterbatch and rigid PVC (Polyvinylchloride) compound is investigated using pressure filter blocking test, cast film extrusion, torque rheometer and microscopy. Various hyperdispersants were tested at varying loadings to understand the optimum usage levels and their effect on throughput and melt viscosity.
YoshiteruHatase, Tetsuji Kihara, SatoshiYamamoto, Heihachi Yushina, May 2007
This paper discusses the method that enables laser welding of plastics using identical molding materials. For this purpose, we have synthesized colorants and controlled their absorbance. This method makes three-dimensional welding possible. This paper describes butt welding using un-reinforced nylon 66. Results indicate that it is important to control absorbance of the colorant and to adjust jig pressure for stable welding.
Gediminas Markevicius, Sean C. Jones, Vivak M. Malhotra, May 2007
Miscanthus, a high yield, fast growing perennial grass with low mineral content, was put under a microscope to explore its potential as a source of natural and environmentally friendly fibers and polymers for composite manufacturing. The manipulation of miscanthus’ structural and thermal properties at 25°C < T < 550°C, as probed by SEM, DSC, TGA, and in situ diffuse reflectance-FTIR, suggested that composites with flexural strength as high as ~ 65 MPa could be formulated without the addition of external polymers.
P. Dias, T. Kazmierczak, P. Ansems, S. Chum, A. Hiltner, E. Baer, May 2007
An orientation process to enhance the elastic recovery and stiffness of propylene-based elastomers is described. Elastomers fabricated during this process have virtually complete elastic recovery, and are up to ten times stiffer than unoriented controls. The structural development during orientation is explored with WAXS. A relationship between crystal structure, strain recovery, and modulus is described.
Polypropylene (PP) and polysulfone (PSU) were successfully blended despite viscosity and processing temperature variations. These blends showed structure-property improvements with the addition of functional polyolefins. A series of membranes were made using an environmentally-friendly process.
H. Wang, A. Taha, S.P. Chum, A. Hiltner, E. Baer, May 2007
The structure and elastomeric properties of the novel olefinic block copolymers (OBCs) were studied by DSC, WAXS, AFM combined with stress-strain, and strain recovery measurement. Their structure and properties were compared with the conventional statistical ethylene-octene (EO) copolymers. The OBCs showed higher strain recovery than the statistical EO copolymers, which is attributed to their unique crystalline morphology. AFM and WAXS studies revealed the elastic" spherulites in OBCs."
A.R. Kamdar, H. Wang, D.U. Khariwala, S.P. Chum, H.Y. Chen, A. Hiltner, E. Baer, May 2007
The miscibility of novel olefinic block copolymers (OBCs) with random ethylene-octene (EO) copolymers was studied using blends of two homogeneous random EO copolymers as a model system. The critical comonomer content difference for miscibility between OBC and random EO blend was observed to be lower than that for the blend of two random EO copolymers. The OBC and random EO blend also exhibited a broader partial miscibility window. Interaction parameters for blends of two EO copolymers were extracted from partially miscible blends.
D. Khariwala, A. Taha, S. Chum, A. Hiltner, E. Baer, May 2007
The effect of the blocky chain architecture on spherulite growth rate and bulk crystallization kinetics of novel ethylene-octene block copolymers is described. These copolymers form space-filling spherulites even when the crystallinity is as low as 7 %. Spherulite growth rates were analyzed by Lauritzen-Hoffman theory and the bulk crystallization kinetics were subjected to Avrami analysis. Comparison with random copolymers showed that the blocky architecture imparts a substantially higher crystallization rate.
Considering a class to comprise three parts: introduction of fundamental principles during the lecture; assignment of a practical problem, requiring application of these principles; provision of a detailed solution at the beginning of the subsequent class, student involvement and learning has been significantly improved.A typical polymer processing class would consist of deriving the equations for steady-state, pressure-driven flow of a Newtonian fluid through a circular cross-section, allowing assignment of a melt-spinning problem.
Dong Binbin, Liu Junyi, Shen Changyu, Cheng Jingbo, Liu Chuntai, May 2007
The crystallinity and crystallite size of injection molded isotactic polypropylene was measured by wide angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD) and the distinct skin-core morphology was visible under a polarizing optical microscope. The results show that the crystal structures are dependent on the injection molding processing conditions. The crystallinity and crystallite size decreases with the distance from the gate. The skin layer thickness is thinner with the higher injection temperature.
Kurt A. Koppi, Mark A. Barger, Dane Chang, Chad Shields, May 2007
An on-line technique for quantifying part shrinkage rate in the mold has been developed. The technique consists of measuring post-hold cavity pressure decay rate inside the mold during the injection molding process. A comparison of the technique as applied to amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers will be presented.
In this study, we present a unique approach to calculate the shear viscosity and shear rate with the pressure drop and flow rate data from a channel having a rectangular cross-section with a height-to-width ratio (H/W) of close to one. The derived equation was verified with experimental data from rectangular dies whose height-to-width ratio (H/W) ranges from 0.1 to 1. It was confirmed that the proposed approach is reliable for calculation of the shear viscosity and shear rate from the flow data in a rectangular channel.
Oliver Henze, Erik Waßner, Rüdiger Krech, May 2007
A statistical model is discussed which will help to understand the sequence length distribution of thermoplastic polyurethane block copolymers. Using this model processing range and transparency of some TPU materials were correlated to the theoretical segment length distribution.Considering this analysis some new Elastollan® 1200 materials (E 1200 materials) were developed. Due to the wide processing range and the high transparency of these new materials they are suitable to an increased number of applications.
Kim McLoughlin Senior Research Engineer, Global Materials Science Braskem
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Kim drives technology programs at Braskem to develop advanced polyolefins with improved recyclability and sustainability. As Principal Investigator on a REMADE-funded collaboration, Kim leads a diverse industry-academic team that is developing a process to recycle elastomers as secondary feedstock. Kim has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Cornell. She is an inventor on more than 25 patents and applications for novel polyolefin technologies. Kim is on the Board of Directors of SPE’s Thermoplastic Materials & Foams Division, where she has served as Education Chair and Councilor.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Gamini has a BS and PhD from Purdue University in Materials Engineering and Sustainability. He joined Penn State as a Post Doctorate Scholar in 2020 prior to his professorship appointment. He works closely with PA plastics manufacturers to implement sustainability programs in their plants.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Tom Giovannetti holds a Degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Tulsa and for the last 26 years has worked for Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. Tom started his plastics career by designing various injection molded products for the chemical industry including explosion proof plugs and receptacles, panel boards and detonation arrestors for 24 inch pipelines. Tom also holds a patent for design of a polyphenylene sulfide sleeve in a nylon coolant cross-over of an air intake manifold and is a Certified Plastic Technologist through the Society of Plastic Engineers. Tom serves on the Oklahoma Section Board as Councilor, is also the past president of the local Oklahoma SPE Section, and as well serves on the SPE Injection Molding Division board.
Joseph Lawrence, Ph.D. Senior Director and Research Professor University of Toledo
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Dr. Joseph Lawrence is a Research Professor and Senior Director of the Polymer Institute and the Center for Materials and Sensor Characterization at the University of Toledo. He is a Chemical Engineer by training and after working in the process industry, he has been engaged in polymers and composites research for 18+ years. In the Polymer Institute he leads research on renewably sourced polymers, plastics recycling, and additive manufacturing. He is also the lead investigator of the Polyesters and Barrier Materials Research Consortium funded by industry. Dr. Lawrence has advised 20 graduate students, mentored 8 staff scientists and several undergraduate students. He is a peer reviewer in several journals, has authored 30+ peer-reviewed publications and serves on the board of the Injection Molding Division of SPE.
Matt Hammernik Northeast Account Manager Hasco America
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Matt Hammernik serves as Hasco America’s Northeast Area Account Manager covering the states Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. He started with Hasco America at the beginning of March 2022. Matt started in the Injection Mold Industry roughly 10 years ago as an estimator quoting injection mold base steel, components and machining. He advanced into outside sales and has been serving molders, mold builders and mold makers for about 7 years.
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How to reference articles from the SPE Library:
Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers, ISBN: 123-0-1234567-8-9, pp. 000-000.
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Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
