The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
The manufacturing of complex and high-grade molded parts in the injection molding process places high demands on the process control. Unlike the conventional control of the injection molding process which is based on machine variables the presented advanced process control system performs an online control of the quality determining process variable ‘cavity pressure’. In the holding pressure phase it conducts an online optimization of the process based on the pvT-behavior of the used plastic material. By this means an optimal course of the process in the pvT-diagram is realized in each production cycle and thus the quality constancy of the produced parts can be considerably increased.
The manufacturing of complex and high-grade molded parts in the injection molding process places high demands on the process control. Unlike the conventional control of the injection molding process, which is based on machine variables, the presented advanced process control system performs an online control of the quality determining process variable ƒ??cavity pressureƒ??. In the holding pressure phase it conducts an online optimization of the process based on the pvT-behavior of the used plastic material. By this means, an optimal course of the process in the pvT-diagram is realized in each production cycle and thus, the quality constancy of the produced parts can be considerably increased.
High simulation suitability can only be achieved by a precise modelling of the material properties. However the influencing factors on the non-linear viscoelastic mechanical properties of thermoplastics are numerous. Additionally injection-moulded parts exhibit inhomogeneous properties depending on their processing conditions. Semi-crystalline thermoplastic parts exhibit strong gradients in their inner properties.
This paper describes an approach to include all these influencing factors by modelling the non-linear viscoelastic material behaviour and coupling injection-moulding simulation and structural analysis. This approach is evaluated by comparing simulation and test results.
High simulation suitability can only be achieved by a precise modelling of the material properties. However, the influencing factors on the non-linear viscoelastic mechanical properties of thermoplastics are numerous. Additionally, injection-moulded parts exhibit inhomogeneous properties depending on their processing conditions. Semi-crystalline thermoplastic parts exhibit strong gradients in their inner properties. This paper describes an approach to include all these influencing factors by modelling the non-linear viscoelastic material behaviour and coupling injection-moulding simulation and structural analysis. This approach is evaluated by comparing simulation and test results.
XY Li , Mike Nyers , Rudiger Gorny , Jim Mason , Marie Urick , Marty Boykin, May 2008
Bayer MaterialScience has developed flame retardantalloys of polycarbonate and polyester. These productscontain no brominated or chlorinated flame retardants making them eco-friendly. To counter the adverse effectof flame retardants on the hydrolysis resistance ofPC/Polyester blends stabilization against hydrolysis ofthese products has been developed. Makroblend?ÿ?? EC100?ÿ?ÿ?? EC150 resin has?ÿa UL 94 V0 rating at 1.5 mm and 5VA at 2.3 mm it hasgood impact resistance at room temperature low specificoptical smoke density and passes the FAR 25.853a-60stest at 2.0 mm.and EC100HR resins have UL 94 V0 and 5VA ratings at3.0 mm with excellent low temperature impact resistanceand hydrolysis resistance. Makroblend
Liu Bin , Xie Yi , Huang Xingxing , Feng Yanhong, May 2008
Based on hydrodynamics and melt conveying theory
the micro-extrusion characteristics of mini-screw used in
the screw extruding spray head of FDM were researched
in detail in this paper. The research was about the
relationship between extrusion production capacity and
the main geometrical parameters of screw and barrel( the
active length of screw the diameter of screw the helix
angle the width of screw arris the depth of screw channel
the clearance between screw and barrel etc) and the
processing parameters such as screw speed the pressure
of nozzle. Theoretical analysis was performed to find out
the quantitative relationships between production capacity
of extrusion and main parameters (the screw speed main
geometrical size of screw the clearance between screw
and barrel the pressure of nozzle etc) were found out so
that the theoretical guidance on the design of spray head
with screw could be provided.
Liu Bin Xie , Yi Huang Xingxing , Feng Yanhong, May 2008
Based on hydrodynamics and melt conveying theory, the micro-extrusion characteristics of mini-screw used in the screw extruding spray head of FDM were researched in detail in this paper. The research was about the relationship between extrusion production capacity and the main geometrical parameters of screw and barrel (the active length of screw, the diameter of screw, the helix angle, the width of screw arris, the depth of screw channel, the clearance between screw and barrel, etc), and the processing parameters such as screw speed, the pressure of nozzle. Theoretical analysis was performed to find out the quantitative relationships between production capacity of extrusion and main parameters (the screw speed, main geometrical size of screw, the clearance between screw and barrel, the pressure of nozzle, etc) were found out so that the theoretical guidance on the design of spray head with screw could be provided.
W. Michaeli , U. Klemradt , A. Elas , K. Berdel , D. Carmele, May 2008
Although polymer-clay nanocomposites have been investigated for a long time there are only few publications on the characterisation of the state of dispersion of clay in polymers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and microscopy are usually applied. However results of both can easily be misinterpreted.
Nanocomposites of clay and polypropylene are prepared. The state of dispersion is analysed by XRD optical and electron microscopy. XRD measurements show the effect of sample preparation and geometry and clay orientation on the results. Sample preparation also affects the results of microscopic analyses. These effects have to be considered when nanocomposites are analysed.
Dieter P. Gruber , Michael Buder-Stroisznigg, May 2008
Human eye-apparatus notices varying distinctness of
image (DOI) of glossy surfaces very accurately. Therefore
high resolving measuring techniques are required. This
paper aims on presenting the Intensity Profile Analysis
(IPA) a novel methodology for the measurement of
distinctness of surface reflected images. IPA enables
measuring fine detail reproduction of glossy surfaces with
good correlation to standard DOI measurements while
featuring considerably enhanced preciseness. IPA is a
non-contact technique and therefore applicable for
uncured or hot surfaces.
Dieter P. Gruber , Michael Buder-Stroisznigg , Gernot Wallner , Bernhard Strauß , Lothar Jandel, May 2008
Human eye-apparatus notices varying distinctness of image (DOI) of glossy surfaces very accurately. Therefore high resolving measuring techniques are required. This paper aims on presenting the Intensity Profile Analysis (IPA), a novel methodology for the measurement of distinctness of surface reflected images. IPA enables measuring fine detail reproduction of glossy surfaces with good correlation to standard DOI measurements while featuring considerably enhanced preciseness. IPA is a non-contact technique and therefore applicable for uncured or hot surfaces.
David Grewell , Gowrishankar Srinivasan , Maria Baboi, May 2008
Recently, an increase in the demand for ethanol as
a fuel additive has resulted in a dramatic increase in its coproducts
namely distiller’s dried grains with solubles
(DDGS).
This work studied a composite of DDGS and
conventional petrochemical plastics (polyvinyl chloride)
for applications in windows construction. The goal was to
characterize the composite and its processibility for
“green” plastics. The experiments showed that DDGS can
be effectively extruded with PVC; at low filler levels (5-
10%) of DDGs strengthening of the PVC was seen.
However, higher filler levels (>10%) of DDGS degraded
the mechanical properties of PVC/DDGS composites.
Also, ground DDGS perform better as reinforcement
agents compared to standard DDGS. Caustic pretreatment
was also studied and it was found not to effect the
mechanical properties significantly. Also, the addition of
PVA had little effect on the properties of the composite.
Arun Kumar , Ming Wei , Carol M. F. Barry , Stephen Orroth , Ahmed Busnaina , Joey Mead, May 2008
Carbon nanotubes (CNT’s) are of interest because of
their high thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties.
They are often combined with polymers to enhance the
properties; however, it would be useful for a number of
applications to incorporate the CNT’s in a patterned
structure. In this work we investigate approaches to
pattern the carbon nanotubes and transfer this pattern to a
polymer substrate using thermoforming, a commercially
relevant process. We have used electrophoretic deposition
of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) onto the
circuits followed by transfer to a polyurethane film by
thermoforming. The electronic circuit had a copper (Cu)
wire with a width of 55 &m. MWCNT’s were deposited
onto the copper wires using the electrophoresis method
with direct current (DC) voltage. A novel mold design for
the thermoforming process was developed, which has a
removable insert to keep the patterned MWCNT circuit
inside the mold. The thermoforming process parameters
(temperature (heating time), forming time and vacuum)
were optimized to obtain transfer of the patterned
MWCNT’s to the polyurethane surface
In this study 1wt% carbon nanofiber (CNF) and TiO2 nanoparticles have been infused in part A of polyurethane (PUR) foam by ultrasound sonication then mixed with part B of PUR foam by mechanical stirrer. Tensile flexural and compression tests were performed to evaluate mechanical performance of neat and nanophased PUR foams. Experimental results show that CNF reinforced
PUR foam exhibit the highest tensile strength flexural strength and compression strength as compared with other PUR Foams.
Kim McLoughlin Senior Research Engineer, Global Materials Science Braskem
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Kim drives technology programs at Braskem to develop advanced polyolefins with improved recyclability and sustainability. As Principal Investigator on a REMADE-funded collaboration, Kim leads a diverse industry-academic team that is developing a process to recycle elastomers as secondary feedstock. Kim has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Cornell. She is an inventor on more than 25 patents and applications for novel polyolefin technologies. Kim is on the Board of Directors of SPE’s Thermoplastic Materials & Foams Division, where she has served as Education Chair and Councilor.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Gamini has a BS and PhD from Purdue University in Materials Engineering and Sustainability. He joined Penn State as a Post Doctorate Scholar in 2020 prior to his professorship appointment. He works closely with PA plastics manufacturers to implement sustainability programs in their plants.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Tom Giovannetti holds a Degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Tulsa and for the last 26 years has worked for Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. Tom started his plastics career by designing various injection molded products for the chemical industry including explosion proof plugs and receptacles, panel boards and detonation arrestors for 24 inch pipelines. Tom also holds a patent for design of a polyphenylene sulfide sleeve in a nylon coolant cross-over of an air intake manifold and is a Certified Plastic Technologist through the Society of Plastic Engineers. Tom serves on the Oklahoma Section Board as Councilor, is also the past president of the local Oklahoma SPE Section, and as well serves on the SPE Injection Molding Division board.
Joseph Lawrence, Ph.D. Senior Director and Research Professor University of Toledo
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Dr. Joseph Lawrence is a Research Professor and Senior Director of the Polymer Institute and the Center for Materials and Sensor Characterization at the University of Toledo. He is a Chemical Engineer by training and after working in the process industry, he has been engaged in polymers and composites research for 18+ years. In the Polymer Institute he leads research on renewably sourced polymers, plastics recycling, and additive manufacturing. He is also the lead investigator of the Polyesters and Barrier Materials Research Consortium funded by industry. Dr. Lawrence has advised 20 graduate students, mentored 8 staff scientists and several undergraduate students. He is a peer reviewer in several journals, has authored 30+ peer-reviewed publications and serves on the board of the Injection Molding Division of SPE.
Matt Hammernik Northeast Account Manager Hasco America
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Matt Hammernik serves as Hasco America’s Northeast Area Account Manager covering the states Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. He started with Hasco America at the beginning of March 2022. Matt started in the Injection Mold Industry roughly 10 years ago as an estimator quoting injection mold base steel, components and machining. He advanced into outside sales and has been serving molders, mold builders and mold makers for about 7 years.
84 countries and 85.6k+ stakeholders strong, SPE
unites
plastics professionals worldwide – helping them succeed and strengthening their skills
through
networking, events, training, and knowledge sharing.
No matter where you work in the plastics industry
value
chain-whether you're a scientist, engineer, technical personnel or a senior executive-nor
what your
background is, education, gender, culture or age-we are here to serve you.
Our members needs are our passion. We work hard so
that we
can ensure that everyone has the tools necessary to meet her or his personal & professional
goals.
Need help from SPE Headquarters?
SPE HQ provides a range of services to Chapters. If you are a chapter and need HQ services (i.e.,
event registration - full list of HQ services can be found here), please fill out and submit the HQ services request form found
here: www.4spe.org/HQservices.
IMPORTANT! If you are simply looking to post your
event on SPE's calendar, please click the "Submit an Event" button below. All events
submitted for inclusion in the SPE calendar are subject to approval.
Going to a SPE event?
If you are going to a SPE event and need a Visa invitation letter, please submit your request for a Visa Invitation letter.
SPE Members receive discounted rates on all event registrations. Not a member of SPE? Join today!
How to reference articles from the SPE Library:
Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers, ISBN: 123-0-1234567-8-9, pp. 000-000.
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
