The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
The mission of this study is to determine the effect of the orientation induced during the transformation process in the adjustable parameters of the constitutive equations for PP. In the hot tensile test different thermoforming conditions were simulated by changing oven temperature (sheet temperature) and crosshead speed (plug speed).Stressƒ??strain relations were derived. The model used involved eight adjustable parameters considering the effect of the process condition and process orientation.
The importance of three inter-dependent factors, i.e., (1) materials, (2) manufacturing, and (3) design and engineering, is generally recognized. All factors are indispensable and equally important for product development. Manufacturing is often the least structured factor and many designers and materials experts do not consider themselves capable to deal with it. Fortunately, expertise is sufficiently available and the best professionals are able to utilize plastics expertise properly in collaborative product development.
This paper presents a study of the effects of various cold runner systems on filling and packing of a plastic part in injection molding. A comparison between graduated and constant runner diameters was the main focus of the paper. The study centered on the battle between minimizing runner volume and minimizing pressure drops. While many theories exist supporting one runner system over another this research attempted to collect enough data to prove when each should be used.
A new novel process that will produce a
structural hydrogel catheter has been
developed (1) resulting in biocompatible
architecturally stable all
hydrogel devices which can be used as
an alternative to conventional TPE’s.
Premature cracks were observed during service in the
slide valve assembly molded from an acrylonitilebutadiene-
styrene resin. The investigation focused on the
determination of nature and cause of the failure. The
results obtained during the evaluation indicated that the
failure was due to environmental stress cracking which
occurred as a consequence of the presence of the residual
stress and the stress cracking agent. This paper will focus
on the testing used to characterize the failure mode and
identify the cause of the cracking of the slide valve
assembly.
Premature cracks were observed during service in the slide valve assembly molded from an acrylonitilebutadiene- styrene resin. The investigation focused on the determination of nature and cause of the failure. The results obtained during the evaluation indicated that the failure was due to environmental stress cracking, which occurred as a consequence of the presence of the residual stress and the stress cracking agent. This paper will focus on the testing used to characterize the failure mode and identify the cause of the cracking of the slide valve assembly.
We investigate the viscoelastic properties of chain molecules (n-hexadecane) under steady state and oscillatory shear flow of ultra thin films by molecular dynamics simulation. The stress vs. strain rate diagram of the oscillatory shear flow system is used to determine the range of linear viscoelasticity. In addition interfacial slip is observed and discussed in both cases. The critical shear stress at which slip occurs is also found in our simulation.
Erika Palacios-Aguilar , Leonardo Cortés-Rodríguez , Jaime Bonilla-Ríos, May 2008
Several HDPE resins with different bubble film stability were tested in a melt flow indexer using the typical die (L = 8 mm D = 2.095 mm) and a zero die (L = 1.3 mm D = 2.095 mm) at two different loads (21.6 kg and 5 kg). A direct correlation was found between the MFI results and the bubble stability.
Erika Palacios-Aguilar , Leonardo Cortés-Rodríguez , Jaime Bonilla-Ríos, May 2008
Several HDPE resins with different bubble film stability were tested in a melt flow indexer using the typical die (L = 8 mm, D = 2.095 mm) and a zero die (L = 1.3 mm, D = 2.095 mm) at two different loads (21.6 kg and 5 kg). A direct correlation was found between the MFI results and the bubble stability.
Many injection molded part defects are caused by
improper screw designs. Elimination of the defect and
optimization of the process can often be performed via
simple modifications to the screw. A case study is
presented where a splay defect was caused by a screw with
a low compression ratio with regions where resin can
stagnate and degrade and with a limited melting capacity.
Modification of the screw eliminated the defects and
decreased the cycle time by 8% an improved the plant
capacity by 14%.
Many injection molded part defects are caused by improper screw designs. Elimination of the defect and optimization of the process can often be performed via simple modifications to the screw. A case study is presented where a splay defect was caused by a screw with a low compression ratio, with regions where resin can stagnate and degrade, and with a limited melting capacity.Modification of the screw eliminated the defects and decreased the cycle time by 8% an improved the plant capacity by 14%.
An engineering approach for the design of
plasticating screws is presented with a case study. The
approach uses a combination of experimental data and
numerical simulations.
An engineering approach for the design of plasticating screws is presented with a case study. The approach uses a combination of experimental data and numerical simulations.
The hydrolysis of polycarbonate (PC) is compared to
polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). Phosphorus additives
are shown to accelerate PC hydrolysis. Polycarbonate
polyester (PEC) copolymers hydrolyze faster than PC
however hydrolysis of the copolymer can be retarded by
addition of a hydro stabilizer. Color clarity and
mechanical properties are retained.
The hydrolysis of polycarbonate (PC) is compared to polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). Phosphorus additives are shown to accelerate PC hydrolysis. Polycarbonate polyester (PEC) copolymers hydrolyze faster than PC, however hydrolysis of the copolymer can be retarded by addition of a hydro stabilizer. Color, clarity and mechanical properties are retained.
The morphology of microcellular injection molding is
investigated for different materials at different processing
conditions in current available equipments. Several
morphology models are proposed based on this study.
The conclusions provide the guidelines to select the best
processing parameters for different materials to make the
good morphology of microcellular foam by injection
molding with the minimum material property changes.
The morphology of microcellular injection molding is investigated for different materials at different processing conditions in current available equipments. Several morphology models are proposed based on this study.The conclusions provide the guidelines to select the best processing parameters for different materials to make the good morphology of microcellular foam by injection molding with the minimum material property changes.
The warpage of an injection molded part was
predicted by CAE injection molding simulation software
using mid-plane Fusion and true three-dimensional
analyses. An Arburg 320S Allrounder 55 ton injection
molding machine was used for producing parts. The part
deformation was then measured on a CMM. The
predicted part warpage among three mesh models was
compared to the measurement of part deformation. It was
found that the predicted part warp using the true threedimensional
model was in a good agreement with the
measurement of the part.
The warpage of an injection molded part was predicted by CAE injection molding simulation software using mid-plane, Fusion and true three-dimensional analyses. An Arburg 320S Allrounder 55 ton injection molding machine was used for producing parts. The part deformation was then measured on a CMM. The predicted part warpage among three mesh models was compared to the measurement of part deformation. It was found that the predicted part warp using the true three-dimensional model was in a good agreement with the measurement of the part.
The family of biobased polymers is ever growing in
number and in popularity and the extruder/screw
manufacturing businesses need to keep abreast of the
machinery requirements of these polymers to insure that
efficient processing is understood. This paper will look at
the extrusion parameters and logic that are important to
determining the most efficient screw designs and
extrusion operating conditions for processing
biopolymers. Vented and non-vented operation will be
discussed. PLA data will be used as the basis for the
conclusions.
Kim McLoughlin Senior Research Engineer, Global Materials Science Braskem
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Kim drives technology programs at Braskem to develop advanced polyolefins with improved recyclability and sustainability. As Principal Investigator on a REMADE-funded collaboration, Kim leads a diverse industry-academic team that is developing a process to recycle elastomers as secondary feedstock. Kim has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Cornell. She is an inventor on more than 25 patents and applications for novel polyolefin technologies. Kim is on the Board of Directors of SPE’s Thermoplastic Materials & Foams Division, where she has served as Education Chair and Councilor.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Gamini has a BS and PhD from Purdue University in Materials Engineering and Sustainability. He joined Penn State as a Post Doctorate Scholar in 2020 prior to his professorship appointment. He works closely with PA plastics manufacturers to implement sustainability programs in their plants.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Tom Giovannetti holds a Degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Tulsa and for the last 26 years has worked for Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. Tom started his plastics career by designing various injection molded products for the chemical industry including explosion proof plugs and receptacles, panel boards and detonation arrestors for 24 inch pipelines. Tom also holds a patent for design of a polyphenylene sulfide sleeve in a nylon coolant cross-over of an air intake manifold and is a Certified Plastic Technologist through the Society of Plastic Engineers. Tom serves on the Oklahoma Section Board as Councilor, is also the past president of the local Oklahoma SPE Section, and as well serves on the SPE Injection Molding Division board.
Joseph Lawrence, Ph.D. Senior Director and Research Professor University of Toledo
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Dr. Joseph Lawrence is a Research Professor and Senior Director of the Polymer Institute and the Center for Materials and Sensor Characterization at the University of Toledo. He is a Chemical Engineer by training and after working in the process industry, he has been engaged in polymers and composites research for 18+ years. In the Polymer Institute he leads research on renewably sourced polymers, plastics recycling, and additive manufacturing. He is also the lead investigator of the Polyesters and Barrier Materials Research Consortium funded by industry. Dr. Lawrence has advised 20 graduate students, mentored 8 staff scientists and several undergraduate students. He is a peer reviewer in several journals, has authored 30+ peer-reviewed publications and serves on the board of the Injection Molding Division of SPE.
Matt Hammernik Northeast Account Manager Hasco America
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Matt Hammernik serves as Hasco America’s Northeast Area Account Manager covering the states Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. He started with Hasco America at the beginning of March 2022. Matt started in the Injection Mold Industry roughly 10 years ago as an estimator quoting injection mold base steel, components and machining. He advanced into outside sales and has been serving molders, mold builders and mold makers for about 7 years.
84 countries and 85.6k+ stakeholders strong, SPE
unites
plastics professionals worldwide – helping them succeed and strengthening their skills
through
networking, events, training, and knowledge sharing.
No matter where you work in the plastics industry
value
chain-whether you're a scientist, engineer, technical personnel or a senior executive-nor
what your
background is, education, gender, culture or age-we are here to serve you.
Our members needs are our passion. We work hard so
that we
can ensure that everyone has the tools necessary to meet her or his personal & professional
goals.
Need help from SPE Headquarters?
SPE HQ provides a range of services to Chapters. If you are a chapter and need HQ services (i.e.,
event registration - full list of HQ services can be found here), please fill out and submit the HQ services request form found
here: www.4spe.org/HQservices.
IMPORTANT! If you are simply looking to post your
event on SPE's calendar, please click the "Submit an Event" button below. All events
submitted for inclusion in the SPE calendar are subject to approval.
Going to a SPE event?
If you are going to a SPE event and need a Visa invitation letter, please submit your request for a Visa Invitation letter.
SPE Members receive discounted rates on all event registrations. Not a member of SPE? Join today!
How to reference articles from the SPE Library:
Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers, ISBN: 123-0-1234567-8-9, pp. 000-000.
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
