The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
Successful dark colored windows and siding require several properties discussed in Part I of a companion paper. Two important factors are low coefficient of linear thermal expansion for low thermal stresses and sufficient glass transition temperature to maintain stiffness at maximum solar heating for several decades of time. This work estimates properties for 25 years with additive formulations containing fillers, polymers, polymer blends, and chlorinated PVC. Two promising materials to provide successful properties are a blend of PVC with poly-?ñ-methylstyrene/acrylonitrile/styrene and chlorinated PVC, both filled with talc.
Jian Wang, Marc Mangnus, Wallace Yau, Willem deGroot, Teresa Karjala, Mehmet Demirors, May 2010
Successful dark colored windows and siding require pigmentation for long-term durability and for solar reflection to avoid excessive temperatures, a durable polymer, limits on coefficient of linear thermal expansion to minimize buckling stresses, formulations with excellent initial and retained impact resistance, and a polymer base with sufficient glass transition temperature and buckling resistance to maintain shape at maximum solar heating for several decades of time.
The incorporation of renewable resources in composite materials is a
viable means to reduce environmental impact and support sustainability
efforts in the composites industry. This paper will focus on unsaturatedpolyester
resins prepared from renewable resources and their use in
composite materials. Applications of these resins in the automotive
industry will be described including a comparison of properties and
performance vs. typical petroleum-based resins.
This paper presents an independent cost analysis for a novel slurrybased
preform technology in order to understand its potential benefits
across a range of component and reinforcement scenarios. Specifically
the economics for small medium and large automotive composites
reinforced with glass carbon and natural fibers through the use of
manual sprayup automated P-4 and slurry preforming are examined
and compared through technical cost analysis. The molding economics
of SMC RTM and SRIM are also addressed in detail.
The use of new aromatic thermosetting copolyester (ATSP) is described
and compared to the best available epoxies for high performance
composites. ATSP oligomers display liquid crystalline behavior which was
identified using optical microscopy with cross-polarizers.ATSP tailored to
have a liquid crystalline structure has reduced stresses at the fiber/matrix
interface and better thermal fatigue resistance compared to epoxy.
A new polyurethane adhesive has been developed that provides
excellent adhesion to SMC HSU and RTM without surface preparation
and requiring only a room-temperature cure or greatly reduced postbake
temperatures. This presentation will review where such an
adhesive will find application its general chemistry and supporting data.
Details are presented on an automated process for manufacturing
net-shape charges for compression moulding using a spray-deposition
technique. The novel process uses a resin-spray technique and magnetic
fibre to position and hold fibres onto the tool face. The process is
intended for producing structural components using discontinuous
bundles for medium-volume applications.
Mould tools used for processes such as RTM and compression RTM
must withstand significant forces generated by the fluid resin and the
fibrous reinforcement. Prediction of these forces will allow for optimizations
in setup costs and time and maximize the usage of the capabilities
of peripheral equipment (such as presses). SimLCM is being developed
at the University of Auckland as a simulation package with the capability
to predict clamping forces and stress distributions during complete
moulding cycles for RTM and CRTM.
PlastiComp’s direct in-line (D-LFT) compounding process provides
processors of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics a simple and affordable
alternative to pre-compounded pellets and GMT sheet while yielding
equivalent and in some cases slightly higher mechanical properties.
This paper summarizes a comparative study of the properties of
D-LFT vs. traditional LFT pellets in an injection-molding process as
well as D-LFT vs. GMT sheet in a compression-molding process.
To achieve significant part weight reductions of 15-20% Milliken
Chemical's high performance reinforcing (HPR) additive may be an
excellent choice for the replacement of talc and other mineral fillers in
polypropylene composites. For instance vs. talc HPR will typically
provide comparable or superior performance with only about one-third
of conventional talc concentrations. Furthermore these improvements
may be realized without any detrimental effects on aesthetic properties.
A new patented in-mold assembly process forms an optimized
assembly using a combination of blow molding and injection molding
for a turbo-charged diesel charge air duct. The process incorporates
a 15%-GF-reinforced blow-molding grade and a 30%-GF-reinforced
injection molding grade of polyphenylene sulfide. PPS was the
material of choice due to its superior heat and chemical resistance.
The use of cyclic-polybutylene terephthalate (C-PBT) for manufacturing
high-performance composites is taking on new roles. Advances in
injection molding RTM molding pultrusion and composite tooling are
benefiting from the use C-PBT thermoplastic resins leading to the
development of new C-PBT technologies and applications.
Previous work has shown that the newly developed SMC systems are
powder-primer ready in straight-through operations. However after an
extended stoppage in the operation – such as July shutdown – the
success of the powder application depends on the severity of temperature
ramp in the oven. To overcome this issue alternative methods are
proposed such as 4 min. of preheating in the oven at 180°C or 3 min.
of IR exposure.
Two experiments designed to understand the relationship between
material and process factors and bond-line read-through (BLRT)
severity will be discussed. Regression analyses of the data collected in
these experiments were able to establish relationships between the
experimental factors and BLRT severity with at least 80% correlation.
In order to improve quality issues as well as to establish an integrated
and continuous process for compression-moulded parts a direct
processing technology has been developed. This presentation should
demonstrate the flexibility of the new direct-SMC technology in terms
of use of alternative and new raw materials and formulations.
Recent advances in related polyurethane chemistry have increased
the commercial viability of the long fiber injection (LFI) process for
producing very-large composite parts such as entry-door skins truck
body and spa panels and recreational boat hulls. These advances
enable the LFI process to achieve previously unattainable extended
gel times on an open hot mold retain a relatively short demold time
and form defect-free surfaces that can lead to the Class A surfaces
required for large automotive body panels.
Sheet-molding compound has been used in underhood applications
and is extending its reach to drivetrain components. This presentation
will show how vehicle manufacturers have reduced costs and improved
quality through product designs that eliminate hardware enhance
capability and improve system performance.
The Automotive Composites Consortium Focal Project 4 (ACC FP4) is
a joint program between GM Ford and Chrysler to develop structural
automotive components from composite materials. Part of this project
is a structural composite underbody capable of carrying crash loads.
Phase 2 of the project involves a full design of the underbody including
design for durability and feasible component manufacturing and vehicle
assembly scenarios.
Performance requirements for underhood components are increasing
making historically used thermoplastics unsuitable for next-generation
engines. The need for higher thermal chemical and mechanical resistance
is opening the door to thermoset bulk-molding compounds (BMC)
for critical metal-replacement opportunities successful examples of
which will be presented.
Kim McLoughlin Senior Research Engineer, Global Materials Science Braskem
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Kim drives technology programs at Braskem to develop advanced polyolefins with improved recyclability and sustainability. As Principal Investigator on a REMADE-funded collaboration, Kim leads a diverse industry-academic team that is developing a process to recycle elastomers as secondary feedstock. Kim has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Cornell. She is an inventor on more than 25 patents and applications for novel polyolefin technologies. Kim is on the Board of Directors of SPE’s Thermoplastic Materials & Foams Division, where she has served as Education Chair and Councilor.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Gamini has a BS and PhD from Purdue University in Materials Engineering and Sustainability. He joined Penn State as a Post Doctorate Scholar in 2020 prior to his professorship appointment. He works closely with PA plastics manufacturers to implement sustainability programs in their plants.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Tom Giovannetti holds a Degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Tulsa and for the last 26 years has worked for Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. Tom started his plastics career by designing various injection molded products for the chemical industry including explosion proof plugs and receptacles, panel boards and detonation arrestors for 24 inch pipelines. Tom also holds a patent for design of a polyphenylene sulfide sleeve in a nylon coolant cross-over of an air intake manifold and is a Certified Plastic Technologist through the Society of Plastic Engineers. Tom serves on the Oklahoma Section Board as Councilor, is also the past president of the local Oklahoma SPE Section, and as well serves on the SPE Injection Molding Division board.
Joseph Lawrence, Ph.D. Senior Director and Research Professor University of Toledo
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Dr. Joseph Lawrence is a Research Professor and Senior Director of the Polymer Institute and the Center for Materials and Sensor Characterization at the University of Toledo. He is a Chemical Engineer by training and after working in the process industry, he has been engaged in polymers and composites research for 18+ years. In the Polymer Institute he leads research on renewably sourced polymers, plastics recycling, and additive manufacturing. He is also the lead investigator of the Polyesters and Barrier Materials Research Consortium funded by industry. Dr. Lawrence has advised 20 graduate students, mentored 8 staff scientists and several undergraduate students. He is a peer reviewer in several journals, has authored 30+ peer-reviewed publications and serves on the board of the Injection Molding Division of SPE.
Matt Hammernik Northeast Account Manager Hasco America
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Matt Hammernik serves as Hasco America’s Northeast Area Account Manager covering the states Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. He started with Hasco America at the beginning of March 2022. Matt started in the Injection Mold Industry roughly 10 years ago as an estimator quoting injection mold base steel, components and machining. He advanced into outside sales and has been serving molders, mold builders and mold makers for about 7 years.
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How to reference articles from the SPE Library:
Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers, ISBN: 123-0-1234567-8-9, pp. 000-000.
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
