The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
In this paper, the effect of crosslinking on the flow properties in foam extrusion and injection molding was studied using. The change in flow resistance of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) from partial crosslinking of the resin was characterized, with and without the influence of the dissolved blowing agent. The shear and extensional viscosities of the resin were approximated through the analysis of the pressure drop across a Hele-Shaw die channel. The influence of blowing agent on the viscosity of the EVA resin was also investigated.
In this paper, the development of crosslinked wood fiber/Elastomer foams was investigated using a batch foaming system. Potential cost reduction and improvement of certain mechanical performance are the motivations of this study. The cell morphology of the foamed products was optimized by varying processing. The influence of different parameters on the cell structure was analyzed. The mechanical properties (tensile modulus and durometer hardness) were also measured to pursue the effect of wood fiber.
New family of ENH flame retardant PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) thermoplastic polyester resins developed is aimed at helping electrical/electronics (E/E) manufacturers and suppliers comply with regulations restricting use and disposal of hazardous substances. The non-chlorinated non-brominated resin based on PBT delivers good ductility and strength than other nonhalogen flame-retardant PBT materials as well as electrical properties of standard flame-retardant PBT materials. Some of the resin properties will be discussed in this publication.
Z. Zhu, J. Wang, J.W.S. Lee, Christian B. Park, May 2010
This paper describes the numerical analysis of cell growth during the filling and post-filling stages in injection foam molding. The pressure change with regard to a Lagrangian framework, as well as temperature distribution, was calculated using the Finite Element Method. The foaming initiation line was predicted by utilizing the solubility of the blowing agent in polymer. Individual bubble growth during the filling and post-filling stages was simulated using the Cell Model. Furthermore, cell trajectory during the filling stage was tracked.
Moiz Jafferji, Daniel F. Schmidt, Emmanuelle Reynaud, May 2010
In this study, polypropylene tensile bars were tested at rates of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mm/min while monitoring their heat output using an infrared video camera. Stress-strain-temperature curves and plots correlating mechanical work with heat output were then generated. The results demonstrate that changes in deformation behavior may be quantified via this approach, providing a new means of relating loading conditions, microstructure and ultimate properties.
The microstructural characteristics of laser-welded joints of PC PA-6 and PA-6 reinforced with 30% glass fibers were examined using optical and polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The influence of laser power on the tensile strength of the laser-welded joints was examined and discussed in terms of various microstructural aspects. The melt fronts at the contact interface of PA-6 joints were monitored as a function of laser power. Glass fiber re-orientation in the reinforced PA-6 was also examined.
Divya Kosuri , Sunny M. Ogbomo , Nandika A. D’Souza, May 2010
Layer Double Hydroxides (LDH) as flame retardants
are a growing interest. The quest for non-halogen flame
retardants has led to the need to find non-toxic flame
retardants for commercial use in polymers. This article
reports the thermal and flammability properties of linear
low density polyethylene (LLDPE) incorporated with
LDH. The objective of this project is to evaluate the flame
retardance of polyethylene. Thermophysical measurements
and tensile results are also conducted.
Nivedita Sangaj, Amol Mohite, Abhijit Namjoshi, Vijay Mhetar, May 2010
We describe a lab based AFM based IR measurement
capability that can obtain local spectra and IR maps over
the spectral range of 1000-4000cm-1 with spatial
resolution as high as 100nm. We demonstrate this new
capability on a polymer multilayer.
As modern users of automotive interior plastic parts demand to enhance higher surface quality and lower manufacturing cost, film insert molding method has been widely applied lately to these injection molded products. In this paper, the integration technique of vacuum thermal forming, insert film injection molding and cavity monitoring processes, which is performed on multi-cavity mold system, is proposed and performed both experimentally and numerically for an automotive plastic part model.
In this work novel patent pending orifice die design
for precise extensional viscosity data determination from
entrance pressure drop measurements has been developed
and tested both theoretically (through Finite Element
Analysis) and experimentally. It has been demonstrated
that the proposed novel orifice die allows much more
precise extensional viscosity measurements for polymer
melts in comparison with conventionally used orifice dies.
In this work, novel patent pending orifice die design for precise extensional viscosity data determination from entrance pressure drop measurements has been developed and tested both, theoretically (through Finite Element Analysis) and experimentally. It has been demonstrated that the proposed novel orifice die allows much more precise extensional viscosity measurements for polymer melts in comparison with conventionally used orifice dies.
The melting and densification behaviour of a range of Polyethylenes (PEs) produced from 2 different catalysts, Ziegler-Natta and Metallocene types, were investigated using a novel visual data acquisition and analysis system (TP Picture??), developed by Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy. Differences in the dissolution behaviour of the bubbles were observed and correlations with the material density, densification rate, bubble size/ distribution and MFI were determined.
In this work die build-up phenomenon has been
investigated theoretically by using FEM analysis as well
as experimentally for polypropylene resins which are
commonly used in the biaxial oriented film production. It
has been demonstrated that the negative pressure at the
die exit region is correable with die drool phenomenon in
this case.
In this work, die build-up phenomenon has been investigated theoretically, by using FEM analysis, as well as experimentally for polypropylene resins which are commonly used in the biaxial oriented film production. It has been demonstrated that the negative pressure at the die exit region is correable with die drool phenomenon in this case.
Good resistance to Rapid Crack Propagation (RCP) is considered to be important in plastic pipe field performance. However, RCP is a very complex phenomenon that depends on a variety of factors including pipe geometry (diameter and wall thickness) and test conditions (temperature and pressure). We show the effects, from both theoretical and experimental aspects, of these and other variables on RCP performance and share our concerns about some of the current RCP (S4) test practices.
Koffi L. Dagnon , Clark Robinson , Hua H. Chen , Nandika A. D’Souza, May 2010
Isothermal crystallization of poly (3-hydroxybutyrateco-
3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/ Zn-Al layered double
hydroxide (LDH) stearate nanocomposites was investigated
by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The
Avrami equation was derived and the parameters were
assessed for the nucleation and crystal growth mechanism of
PHBV and its nanocomposites. (Ref.8)
Koffi L. Dagnon , Clark Robinson , Hua H. Chen , Nandika A. D’Souza, May 2010
Isothermal crystallization of poly (3-hydroxybutyrateco- 3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/ Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) stearate nanocomposites was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Avrami equation was derived and the parameters were assessed for the nucleation and crystal growth mechanism of PHBV and its nanocomposites.
Nanocomposites formed from blends of HDPE and HDPE-g-MA and organoclay were melt processed and analyzed by WAXS and TEM coupled with particle analysis to explore the effect of HDPE-g-MA on extent of exfoliation and mechanical properties. As HDPE-g-MA content increases, the global average particle aspect ratio increases drastically, peaks, and slightly decreases. Relative modulus improves with increased levels of HDPE-g-MA, and then levels off.
Matthew W. Spencer , Lili Cui , Youngjae Yoo , D. R. Paul, May 2010
Nanocomposites formed from blends of HDPE and
HDPE-g-MA and organoclay were melt processed and
analyzed by WAXS and TEM coupled with particle
analysis to explore the effect of HDPE-g-MA on extent of
exfoliation and mechanical properties. As HDPE-g-MA
content increases the global average particle aspect ratio
increases drastically peaks and slightly decreases.
Relative modulus improves with increased levels of
HDPE-g-MA and then levels off.
Michael Heinzer, Myoungbae Lee, Rachel VanHouten, Ozma Lane, James E. McGrath, Donald G. Baird, May 2010
Two-component injection compression molding process is the most advanced technology to produce large optical polycarbonate glazing panels. The paper investigates the effects of molding conditions and second shot material on the warpage of finished (coated) parts through a molding trial DOE. The data and results can provide a guideline for a proper part and process design and materials selection to manufacture good quality 2two-component PC panels/glazing with minimum warpage.
Kim McLoughlin Senior Research Engineer, Global Materials Science Braskem
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Kim drives technology programs at Braskem to develop advanced polyolefins with improved recyclability and sustainability. As Principal Investigator on a REMADE-funded collaboration, Kim leads a diverse industry-academic team that is developing a process to recycle elastomers as secondary feedstock. Kim has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Cornell. She is an inventor on more than 25 patents and applications for novel polyolefin technologies. Kim is on the Board of Directors of SPE’s Thermoplastic Materials & Foams Division, where she has served as Education Chair and Councilor.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Gamini has a BS and PhD from Purdue University in Materials Engineering and Sustainability. He joined Penn State as a Post Doctorate Scholar in 2020 prior to his professorship appointment. He works closely with PA plastics manufacturers to implement sustainability programs in their plants.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Tom Giovannetti holds a Degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Tulsa and for the last 26 years has worked for Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. Tom started his plastics career by designing various injection molded products for the chemical industry including explosion proof plugs and receptacles, panel boards and detonation arrestors for 24 inch pipelines. Tom also holds a patent for design of a polyphenylene sulfide sleeve in a nylon coolant cross-over of an air intake manifold and is a Certified Plastic Technologist through the Society of Plastic Engineers. Tom serves on the Oklahoma Section Board as Councilor, is also the past president of the local Oklahoma SPE Section, and as well serves on the SPE Injection Molding Division board.
Joseph Lawrence, Ph.D. Senior Director and Research Professor University of Toledo
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Dr. Joseph Lawrence is a Research Professor and Senior Director of the Polymer Institute and the Center for Materials and Sensor Characterization at the University of Toledo. He is a Chemical Engineer by training and after working in the process industry, he has been engaged in polymers and composites research for 18+ years. In the Polymer Institute he leads research on renewably sourced polymers, plastics recycling, and additive manufacturing. He is also the lead investigator of the Polyesters and Barrier Materials Research Consortium funded by industry. Dr. Lawrence has advised 20 graduate students, mentored 8 staff scientists and several undergraduate students. He is a peer reviewer in several journals, has authored 30+ peer-reviewed publications and serves on the board of the Injection Molding Division of SPE.
Matt Hammernik Northeast Account Manager Hasco America
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Matt Hammernik serves as Hasco America’s Northeast Area Account Manager covering the states Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. He started with Hasco America at the beginning of March 2022. Matt started in the Injection Mold Industry roughly 10 years ago as an estimator quoting injection mold base steel, components and machining. He advanced into outside sales and has been serving molders, mold builders and mold makers for about 7 years.
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How to reference articles from the SPE Library:
Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers, ISBN: 123-0-1234567-8-9, pp. 000-000.
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Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
