The SPE Library contains thousands of papers, presentations, journal briefs and recorded webinars from the best minds in the Plastics Industry. Spanning almost two decades, this collection of published research and development work in polymer science and plastics technology is a wealth of knowledge and information for anyone involved in plastics.
Charlie Y. Lin, Bruce A. Harrington, David B. Dunaway, May 2010
A polyetherimide (PEI, ULTEM* 1000 resin) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) form a miscible blend that has been well studied. Blends of PEEK with other polyetherimides and polyimides were evaluated to determine miscibility. The effect of extent of miscibility on crystallization of PEEK is also assessed. Potential blends with a range of properties are presented.
Amit S. Kulkarni , Parminder Agarwal , Jim DeRudder , Karin van de Wetering , Ying Li , Jenny Zhang, May 2010
The latest applications in automotive and
computer & business equipment markets require a
high modulus resin coupled with superior impact
behavior. It is a challenge to deliver these new
features in products coupled with other desirable
properties such as low thermal expansion and
optimal melt-flow that enables filling of complex
parts. This manuscript details the development of
new PC/ABS blends based on novel filler
technology to deliver these market needs.
Polypropylene (PP)/polysulfone (PSU) membranes were successfully made using an environmentally-friendly process. Flux amongst other mechanical properties were improved with the introduction of functional polyolefins.Understanding the chemistry and location of the functional polyolefins is critical to explaining these improvements.
Polypropylene (PP)/polysulfone (PSU) membranes were
successfully made using an environmentally-friendly
process. Flux amongst other mechanical properties, were
improved with the introduction of functional polyolefins.
Understanding the chemistry and location of the
functional polyolefins is critical to explaining these
improvements.
The optimal tooling and processing methods for a thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) have been investigated for a corner mold. Using TPVs has become a cost effective solution to replace thermoset rubber specifically ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber. Due to mold complexity and processing inconsistencies molders have tried varying the number and location of gates to achieve success. Using three-dimensional (3D) simulation software results indicate that one gate should be adequate for corner molding with TPVs.
Recently it has been shown that the morphology of nanotubes plays a critical role in determining their behavior in vivo. The purpose of the current work is to
utilize anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates to
fabricate polystyrene nanostructures. The effects of
molecular weight, concentration, template pore size and
solvent on the resulting morphology have been
characterized. Results indicate complete filling of
homemade templates was achieved with 1wt% polymer
solutions of when Mn > Me.
This paper introduces the concept of improving blown
film yield by reducing excess resin being used to cover
chronic gauge problems and manual width control
methods. The term runaway resin is introduced and
quantified for manual width control. A case study is
presented that demonstrates reductions in runaway resin
and yield improvement by adding an easy to install width
control system to a basic 405mm die (without internal
bubble cooling) running commodity products.
This paper introduces the concept of improving blown film yield by reducing excess resin being used to cover chronic gauge problems and manual width control methods. The term runaway resin is introduced and quantified for manual width control. A case study is presented that demonstrates reductions in runaway resin and yield improvement by adding an easy to install width control system to a basic 405mm die (without internal bubble cooling) running commodity products.
Huiju Liu , Peng Wang , Marino Xanthos , Linjie Zhu , Costas G. Gogos, May 2010
Applying extrusion technology to drug manufacturing received increasing attention in the last two decades. Extrusion technology has the potential of replacing current pharmaceuticals manufacturing methods due to the advantages such as the elimination of solvent and the continuous and consistent high throughput. This article presents a brief review of Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) from polymer processing perspective, concentrating on mixing, material degradation and process analytical technology.
Simulation results for mixing of two different polymers in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder are presented. Velocity distribution predicted by a threedimensional simulation of the flow is used to predict the change in the spatial distribution of initially segregated particles as well as the reduction in radius due to erosion.The predicted particle distribution is used to estimate the increase in Shannon entropy due to dispersive and distributive mixing along the extruder channel.
Amit K. Chaudhary, Krishnamurthy Jayaraman, May 2010
Thermoplastic foams were produced from two different polypropylene nanocomposites by extrusion with the help of a chemical blowing agent. The strain hardening ratio decreased with increasing strain rate for one of the nanocomposites. For the other nanocomposite melt, the strain hardening ratio was unchanged with strain rate. Smaller cell sizes (less than 40 microns in diameter) were obtained when the nanocomposite melt displayed strain hardening levels in extensional flow that were maintained over a range of strain rates.
A new algorithm for simulation of non-isothermal flow in a twin-screw extruder is introduced. In the new algorithm the finite element mesh of tetrahedral elements is created in the complete barrel including the space occupied by the screws. By partitioning the tetrahedral elements which are intersected by the screw surfaces into two tetrahedral pyramidal or prismatic finite elements the new algorithm allows the flow simulation in twinscrew extruder without regenerating the finite element mesh as the two screws rotate.
Makoto Seino , Manabu Nomura , Masaya Kotaki, May 2010
Flammability of frame retardant polypropylene
(FR-PP) based sandwich injection moldings was
investigated. Flame-retardant and filler were
intentionally incorporated in the skin and the core
parts of sandwich injection moldings. Sandwich
injection moldings showed superior flame
retardancy and mechanical properties when high
contents of flame-retardant and filler were
incorporated in the skin and the core parts
respectively. This trend was remarkable when
phosphorous flame-retardant (Intumescent) was
used compared to bromine flame-retardant.
Makoto Seino , Manabu Nomura , Masaya Kotaki, May 2010
Flammability of flame retardant polypropylene (FR-PP) based sandwich injection moldings was investigated. Flame-retardant and filler were intentionally incorporated in the skin and the core parts of sandwich injection moldings. Sandwich injection moldings showed superior flame retardancy and mechanical properties when high contents of flame-retardant and filler were incorporated in the skin and the core parts, respectively. This trend was remarkable when phosphorous flame-retardant (Intumescent) was used compared to bromine flame-retardant.
Microcellular injection molding has many advantages
such as cost savings reduced cycle times and excellent
shrinkage properties. However surface defects on the
microcellular injection molded parts—such as gas-flow
swirl marks and a lack of smoothness—still remain a
challenge. This paper describes a method to improve the
surface quality of microcellular injection molded parts.
Microcellular injection molding has many advantages such as cost savings, reduced cycle times, and excellent shrinkage properties. However, surface defects on the microcellular injection molded partsƒ??such as gas-flow swirl marks and a lack of smoothnessƒ??still remain a challenge. This paper describes a method to improve the surface quality of microcellular injection molded parts.
Hamid O. Semeralul , Ghaus M. Rizvi , Mohammad Rubyet Islam, May 2010
Foaming of wood plastic composites (WPC), along with the addition of small amounts of glass fiber can improve the mechanical properties of WPC. Such improvements have the potential to help WPC find applications in areas where it has been previously overlooked due to factors such as its low strength and high density when compared with natural wood. The foaming process involves many parameters that interact to determine the quality of the final product. This paper investigates some of these parameters with the aim of optimizing them.
The mechanical properties of wood plastic composites (WPC) can be improved with the addition of small amounts of glass fiber. This improvement can help WPC find applications in areas where it has been previously overlooked due to factors such as its lowstrength when compared with natural wood. Mechanical properties such as flexural and impact strength showed improvements upon the addition of glass fibers (GF) in certain compositions. This paper examines the effects of GF upon these properties.
M. Chen , G. Zak , P.J. Bates , M.R. Kamal , M. Al-Wohoush, May 2010
This paper presents FEM heat transfer analysis and experimental results for contour laser transmission welding of glass fibre reinforced Nylon 6. Predicted temperature fields near the weld interface were compared with the dimensions of the heat affected zone, and weld widths. Temperature profiles at the weldline were also estimated from the modeling data.
Jingjing Zhang , Jing Wang , Chul B. Park , Ghaus M. Rizvi , Han-Xiong Huang, May 2010
In this work the shear viscosities of wood plastic
composites (WPC)/ supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2) solutions at
different die temperatures and sc-CO2 contents were
measured by a slit die attached on a single-screw extrusion
system. A theoretical model based on the Cross-Yasuda
model and Arrhenius equation was developed to describe
the shear-thinning behavior of the WPC/ sc-CO2 solution.
The model was a function of temperature pressure sc-CO2
content and shear rate.
Kim McLoughlin Senior Research Engineer, Global Materials Science Braskem
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Kim drives technology programs at Braskem to develop advanced polyolefins with improved recyclability and sustainability. As Principal Investigator on a REMADE-funded collaboration, Kim leads a diverse industry-academic team that is developing a process to recycle elastomers as secondary feedstock. Kim has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Cornell. She is an inventor on more than 25 patents and applications for novel polyolefin technologies. Kim is on the Board of Directors of SPE’s Thermoplastic Materials & Foams Division, where she has served as Education Chair and Councilor.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Gamini has a BS and PhD from Purdue University in Materials Engineering and Sustainability. He joined Penn State as a Post Doctorate Scholar in 2020 prior to his professorship appointment. He works closely with PA plastics manufacturers to implement sustainability programs in their plants.
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Tom Giovannetti holds a Degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Tulsa and for the last 26 years has worked for Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. Tom started his plastics career by designing various injection molded products for the chemical industry including explosion proof plugs and receptacles, panel boards and detonation arrestors for 24 inch pipelines. Tom also holds a patent for design of a polyphenylene sulfide sleeve in a nylon coolant cross-over of an air intake manifold and is a Certified Plastic Technologist through the Society of Plastic Engineers. Tom serves on the Oklahoma Section Board as Councilor, is also the past president of the local Oklahoma SPE Section, and as well serves on the SPE Injection Molding Division board.
Joseph Lawrence, Ph.D. Senior Director and Research Professor University of Toledo
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Dr. Joseph Lawrence is a Research Professor and Senior Director of the Polymer Institute and the Center for Materials and Sensor Characterization at the University of Toledo. He is a Chemical Engineer by training and after working in the process industry, he has been engaged in polymers and composites research for 18+ years. In the Polymer Institute he leads research on renewably sourced polymers, plastics recycling, and additive manufacturing. He is also the lead investigator of the Polyesters and Barrier Materials Research Consortium funded by industry. Dr. Lawrence has advised 20 graduate students, mentored 8 staff scientists and several undergraduate students. He is a peer reviewer in several journals, has authored 30+ peer-reviewed publications and serves on the board of the Injection Molding Division of SPE.
Matt Hammernik Northeast Account Manager Hasco America
A Resin Supplier’s Perspective on Partnerships for the Circular Economy
About the Speaker
Matt Hammernik serves as Hasco America’s Northeast Area Account Manager covering the states Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. He started with Hasco America at the beginning of March 2022. Matt started in the Injection Mold Industry roughly 10 years ago as an estimator quoting injection mold base steel, components and machining. He advanced into outside sales and has been serving molders, mold builders and mold makers for about 7 years.
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How to reference articles from the SPE Library:
Any article that is cited in another manuscript or other work is required to use the correct reference style. Below is an example of the reference style for SPE articles:
Brown, H. L. and Jones, D. H. 2016, May.
"Insert title of paper here in quotes,"
ANTEC 2016 - Indianapolis, Indiana, USA May 23-25, 2016. [On-line].
Society of Plastics Engineers, ISBN: 123-0-1234567-8-9, pp. 000-000.
Available: www.4spe.org.
Note: if there are more than three authors you may use the first author's name and et al. EG Brown, H. L. et al.
